JKabase$(, ; =<| . lower; humiliatejHis refusal to abase himself in the eyes of his followers irritated the king, who wanted to humiliate him.abashi¤, =<դ ̹.; embarrass1He was not at all abashed by her open admiration.abdicate0X, Ȅ: renounce, give upMWhen Edward VIII abdicated the British throne, he surprised the entire world.abettorȐ, | 0 : encourager=He was accused of being an aider and abettor of the criminal.abeyance, : suspended action0The deal was held in abeyance until his arrival.abhor$X: detest, hate!He abhorred all forms of bigotry.abjureȄ: renounce upon oath&He abjured his allegiance to the king.ablution);0; P D hWt ;L: washing of the bodyiHis daily ablutions were accompanied by loud noises which he humorously labeled "Opera in the Bath." abominate$X: loathe, hateMoses abominated idol worship. aboriginalJưX, X, )X: being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; nativevHis studies of the primitive art forms of the aboriginal Indians were widely reported in the scientific journals.abortive(\, t  Ŕunsuccessful; fruitless(We had to abandon our abortive attempts.abradeȹ0¤, ; 0D ; M wear away by friction; erode3The skin of his leg was abraded by the sharp rocks.abrogateXabolish=He intended to abrogate the decree issued by his predecessor.abscond ijݹXdepart secretly and hide>The teller absconded with the bonds issued by his predecessor.absolve X; t¤pardon (an offense).The father absolved the confessor of his sins. abstemiousx; 0, D !temperate; sparing in drink, etc.:The drunkards mocked him because of his abstemious habits. abstinence ; , !restraint from eating or drinkingAThe doctor recommended total abstinence from alcoholic beverages.acuteƬ\*quickly perceptive. keen. brief and severeThe acute young doctor realized immediately that the gradual deterioration of her patient's once-acute hearing was due to a chronic illness, not an acute one. affiliationnj, 4joining; associating withnHis affiliation with the political party was of short duration for he soon disagreed with his colleagues.affinityxǙĬkinshipGShe felt an affinity with all who suffered; their pains were her pains. affirmationUָ, 貸0solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oathXThe Constitution of this country provides for oath or affirmation by officeholders. affluenceԀ, abundance; wealthNForeigners are amazed by the affluence and luxury of the American way of life.affray, public brawl2He was badly mauled by the fighters in the affray.agapeD 1 , DX openmouthed:She stared, agape, at the many strange animals in the zoo.agendaXǬ|items of business at a meetingbWe had so much difficulty agreeing upon an agenda that there was very little time for the meeting. agglomeration iŬ\ ̹, Qɑǩcollection; heapdIt took weeks to assort the agglomeration of miscellaneous items she had collected on her trip. aggrandize lЌX, TXincrease or intensifyThe history of the past quarter century illustrates how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs without considering the wishes of Congress. aggregateĬX sum; totalFThe aggregate wealth of this country is staggering to the imagination.aghast \ |, one who is skeptical of the exitstence or knowability of a godWThe agnostic demanded proof before she would accept the statement of the minister.agrarianX, X%pertaining to land or its cultivationqThe country is gradually losing its agrarian occupation and turning more and more to an industrial point of view.alacrity, \0cheerful promptness\He demonstrated his eagerness to serve by his alacity in executing the orders of his master.alchemy medieval chemistryOThe changing of baser metals into gold was the goal of the students of alchemy.alcove5䴴 nook; recessThough their apartment lacked a fullscale dining room, an alcove adjacent to the living room made an adequate breakfast nook for the young couple.alias|Dž, ļan assumed name!John Smith's alias was Bob Jones.alienate<\l D>@X, tXmake hostile; separate^Her attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other. alimentaryƑX, TXsupplying nourishment]The aliementary canal in our bodies is so named because digestion of foods occurs there.alimonyļp)payment by a husband to his divorced wife`Mrs. Jones was awarded $200 monthly alimony by the court when she was divorced from her husband.allay¤, <ଵ,  D>DTX calm; pacifyiThe crew tried to allay the fears of the passengers by announcing that the fire had been controlled.allege 貸X, ƨstate without proof0It is alleged that she had worked for the enemy.allegory ; T4story in which characters are used as symbols; fableX"Pilgrim's Progress" is an allegory of the temptations and victories of man's soul. apparition 9; Xghost; phantomcHamlet was uncertain about the identity of the apparition that had appeared and spoken to him.appease<•, D> ̹q¤, 처pacify; soothejWe have discovered that, when we try to appease our enemies, we encourage them to make additional demands. appellationm; m name; titleGHe was amazed when the witches hailed him with his correct appellation.appendgtattach'I shall append this chart to my report. application, Pdiligent attentionsPleased with how well Tom had whitewashed the fence, Aunt Polly praised him for his application.(secondary meaning)apposite\appropriate; fitting_He was always able to find the apposite phrase, the correct expression for every occasion.appraise <0estimate value ofaIt is difficult to appraise the value of old paintings; it is easier to call them priceless. appreciateٹ X, | xX, ,t xX>be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious ofLittle Orphan Annie truly appreciated the stocks Daddy Warbucks gave her, whose value appreciated considerably over the years. apprehend X; harrest(a criminal); perceive2The police will apprehend the culprit before long. apprehensive $X; 0%t ǔfearful; discerningdHis apprehensive glances at the people who were walking in the street revealed his nervousness.apprise<Ō ~| >Xinform_When he was apprised of the dangerous weather conditions, he decided to postpone his trip. approbationxapproval9She looked for some sign of approbation from her parents. appropriateX; < X-acpuire; take possession of for one's own useeThe ranch owners appropriated the lands that had originally been set aside for the Indians' use. appurtenances<subordinate possessions/He bought the estate and all its appurtenances.apropos~X t|0\ p; ~ Xwith reference to; regardingJI find your remarks apropos of the present situation timely and pertinent.aptitudeh; ǥfitness; talentcThe counselor gave him an aptitude test before advising him about the career he should follow.awex solemn wonderJThe tourists gazed with awe at the tremendous expanse of the Grand Canyon.awry Ҵ8; l8distorted; crookedgHe held his head awry, giving the impression that he had caught cold in his neck during the night.azureX՘[sky blue+Azure skies are indicative of good weather.babble<Ű`X>,x й\ Lp chatter idly'The little girl babbled about her doll.badger(ǜD); 4m pester; annoycShe was forced to change her telephone number because she was badgered by obscene phone calls.badinageteasing conversationNHer friends at work greeted the news of her engagement with cheerful badinage.baffle<Ĭ, x% D>¤; iXՌ Xfrustrate; perplex&The new code baffled the enemy agents. bagatelleX.@ trifleXTrying to reassure Roxanne about his wound, Cyrano claimed it was a mere bagatelle.bait 4m; p harass; tease4The soldiers baited the prisoners, terrorizing them.balefult\; 8\deadly; destructiveThe drought was a baleful omen.balk)tXfoiloWhen the warden learned that several inmates were planning to escape, he took steps to balk their attempt.ballast)(0 @ t DL 0X HD X  ” ̳, )/heavy substance used to add stability or weightThe ship was listing badly to one side; it was necessary to shift the ballast in the hold to get her back on an even keel.balmɵsomething that relieves painAFriendship is the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love.balmy X; 0\mild; fragrant3A balmy breeze refreshed us after the sultry blast.banalɀ\; Ӕ\hackneyed; commonplace; trite6His frequent use of cliches made his essay seem banal.bane xX x cause of ruin8Lack of public transportation is the bane of urban life.baneful ų\; t\ruinous; poisonous(His baneful influence was feared by all.burgeon¸grow forth; send out budsXIn the spring, the plants that burgeon are a promise of the beauty that is to come. burlesqueuǴ give an imitation that ridiculesAIn his caricature, he burlesqued the mannerisms of his adversary.burly A҅췴; <t><husky; muscular3The burly mover lifted the packing crate with ease.burnish; make shiny by rubbing; polish:They burnished the metal until it reflected the lamplihgt.buttress; support or prop=The huge cathedral walls were supported by flying buttresses.buxomٳٳ\; tX \\; \plump; vigorous; jollyUThe soldiers remembered the buxom nurse who had always been so pleasant to them.cabalLǨJsmall group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests8The cabal was defeated when their scheme was discovered.cache@ɲ hiding placeeThe detectives followed the suspect until he led them to the cache where he had stored his loot. cacophonyTLdiscordJSome people seem to enjoy the cacophony of an orchestra that is tuning up.cadaver<҈ tՀ X>´corpse2In some states, it is illegal to dissect cadavers. cadaverous ´@; ӗ ɰlike a corpse; paleKBy his cadaverous appearance, we could see how the disease had ravaged him.cajolet$\ t; DŨX coax; wheedle2I will not be cajoled into granting you your wish.calamityǜ; 8Tdisaster; miseryZAs news of the calamity spread, offers of relief poured in to the stricken community.caliber; ijɷability; capacity?A man of such caliber should not be assigned such menial tasks. calligraphyD; 'beautiful writing; excellent penmanship`As we examine ancient manuscripts, we become impressed with the calligraphy of the scribes.callous<<Հ>s; 4\hardened; unfeelinggHe had worked in the hospital for so many years that he was callous to the suffering in the wards.callow`-txyouthful; immatureiIn that youthful movement, the leaders were only a little less callow than their immature followers. calorificD XՔheat-producing,Coal is much more calorific than green wood. calumniateXslander^Shakespeare wrote that love and friendship were subject to envious and caluminating time.calumnyD); $malicious misrepresentation; slanderlHe could endure his financial failure, but he could not bear the calumny that his foes heaped upon him. camaraderiegood-fellowship`What he loved best about his job was the sense of camaraderie he and his co-workers shared.cameotT$ 8shell or jewel carved in relief~Tourists are advised not to purchase cameos from the street peddlers of Rome who sell poor specimens of the carver's art.canard Ռ8; ǸD#unfounded rumor; exaggerated reportCIt is almost impossible to protect oneself from such a base canard.cardiall 췘$Ɣ,0\hearty,affectioatecensor. Lm X `D ǔ Loverseer of morals. person who reads to eliminate inappropriate remarkseSoldiers dislike having their mail read by a censor but understand the need for this precaution.churlish\; |D\ boorish; rudeYDismayed by his churlish manners at the party, the girls vowed never to invite him again.ciliated y(8)t ǔhaving minute hairs0The paramecium is a ciliated, one-celled animal.cipherX JL; X J@ (The courtier obeyed the king's orders in a complaisant manner. complement X, DX"complete; consummate; make perfect@The waiter recommended a glass of port to complement the cheese. compliance Q, |X, 09conformity in fulfilling requirements; readiness to yieldXThe design for the new school had to be in compliance with the local building code. compliant QXՔ, xyieldingAHe was compliant and ready to go along with his friend's desires. complicity, participation; involvement~You cannot keep your complicity in this affair secret very long; you would be wise to admit your involvement immediately. component, element; ingredientLI wish all the components of my stereo system were working at the same time.comport ٳX, Xbear one's self; behave'He comported himself with great dignity composureɰ, h)mental calmness;Even the lastest work crisis failed to shake her composure.compoundi1X, ; \ ĬX; T XՌ ̹+combine; constitute; pay interest; increaseaThe makers of the popular cold remedy compounded a nasal decongestant with an antihistamine. comprehensiveixthorough; inclusiveUThis book provides a comprehensive review of verbal and math skills for the GRE.compress UŕX; I ptclose; squeeze; contract)She compressed the package under her arm. compromiseX, pX; X,  `(/adjust; endanger the interests or reputation ofbYour presence at the scene of the dispute compromises our claim to neutrality in this matter. compunction֌, 8̌remorseThe judge was especially severe in his sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no compunction for his heinous crime.computeĬXreckon; calculateHHe failed to compute the interest, so his bank balance was not accurate. concatenateɴ ŰXlink as in a chainmIt is difficult to understand how these events could concatenate as they did without outside assistance.concave $Ʃ\, y 䴴hollowmThe back-packers found partial shelter from the storm by huddling against the concave wall of the cliff.conceit0, 0\ ; ɘ\ D $whimsical idea; extravagant metaphoroHe was an entertaining companion, always expressing himself in amusing conceits and witty turns of phrase. concentricٳxhaving a common center*The target was made of concentric circles. conceptionD L, PD 1hbeginning; forming of an idea6At the first conception of the work, he was consulted. concertedpx, D i t踴!mutually agreed on; done togetherThe Girl Scouts in the troop made a concerted effort to raise funds for their annual outing, and emitted a concerted sigh when their leader announced that they had reached their goal. concessionan act of yieldingVBefore they could reach an agreement, both sides had to make certain concessions. conciliatoryTtx, 4x, 처reconciling; soothing3She was still angry despite his conciliatory words.concise\, \brief and compactfWhen you define a new word, be concise: the shorter the definition, the easier it is to remember.conclaveD private meeting@He was present at all their conclaves as an unofficial observer. conclusivexdecisive; ending all debateWhen the stolen books turned up in John's locker, we finally had conclusive evidence of the identity of the mysterious thief.concoctpȬX, ̹䴴 ;  D ɴ(prepare by combining; make up in concert<How did the inventive chef ever concoct such a strange dish? concomitant <; x$that which accompanies; accompanying.Culture is not always a concomitant of wealth.concord|X; pTharmonysWatching Tweedledum and Tweedledee battle, Alice wondered why the two brothers could not manage to live in concord.concur ٳXX, |XXagreeHDid you concur with the decision of the court or did you find it unfair? concurrentٳ xhappening at the same timeIn America, the colonists were resisting the demands of the mother country; at the concurrent moment in France, the middle class was sowing the seeds of rebellion. condescendXՌ X; D %bestow courtesies with a superior airOThe king condescended to grant an audience to the friends of the condemned man.condign\adequate; deservedly severe8The publc approved the condign punishment for the crime. condimentsP, p̸seasonings; spices#Spanish food is full of condiments. confiscateXseize, commandeer7The army confiscated all acailable supplies of uranium. contortionҼ deformation contrabandTp ()smuggled goods, contravene |X,oppose,repudiate contravert |X,xX.refutecontrite| XXΔ apologetic contrived\manufactured,nonnatural contumaciousi X JŔ,ɀ refractory contusion, discolration,shiner conundrumخ|enigmaconveneXXsummon conventionalȵxtraditional converget,X meet,approch conversant ȵ\, L ǔskilleconverse ,contrary, reverseconvertȐ,ȥՐapostateconvex]tXswollen,rounded conveyanceơ0transportation convictionP,U opinion,dogma convivial ŌX,Ō| DXՔsociable,festalconvoke ( X|)X meet,gather convoluted ň $,\snaky,winding,complicatedcopious)\, ι@abundant,amplecoquette\ Ő, et Ő.vampcordonD Ĭ barrier,barricatecorniceȹ ̳` cornucopiaԔX Կhorn of plenty;abundance corollary , D aftermath,outcome corpluent\,D\ obese,plump corporeal´X, !Xbodily, physical correlation8Ĭinterrelationship corroborate UXՌ X.U֝X prove,vertify corrosive1X corrodible corrugated In normal writing we run our letters together in cursive form.cursory <x, e0Xcasual, hastily done@A cursory exam. of the ruins indicates the possibility of arson.curtail 貕X, Xshorten, reduceJDuring the coal shortage, we must curtail our use of this vital commodity.cynicalɰx, D JŔ'skeptical, distrustful of human motivesLCynical at all times, he was suspicious of all altruistic actions of others.cynosureX tǩD D , ,X the object of general attentionUAs soon as the movie star intered the room, she became the cynosure of all eyes.dais(H, Ő| \) , #raised platform for guests of honoreWhen he approached the dais, he was greeted by cheers from the people who has come to honor him.dallylqX, ; The hoodlums defiled the church with their scurrilous writing. definitivemost reliable or complete.qCarl Sandburg's Abraham Lincoln may be regarded as the definitive work on the life of the Great Emancipator.deflect turn aside.@His life was saved when his cigarette case deflected the bullet. defoliatedestroy leaves.ZIn Vietnam the army made extensive use of chemical agents to defoliate the woodlands.defrayprovide for the payment of.FHer employer offered to defray the costs of her postgraduate educationdefrock2to strip a priest or minister of church authority.We knew the minister had violated church regulations, but we had not realized his offense was serious enough to cause him to be deflocked.deft neat;skillful?The deft waiter uncorked the champagne without spilling a drop.defunct$dead; no longer in use or existence.Cthe lawyers sought to examine the books of the defunct corporation. degeneratebecome worse; deteriorate.fAs the fight dragged on, the champion's style degenerated until he could barely keep on his feet.degradedlowed in rank; debased.>The degraded wretch spoke only of his past glories and honors. dehydrateremove water from; dry out.jVigorous dancing quickly dehydrates the body; between dances, besure to drink more water than normal.deifyturn into a god; idolize.8Admire the rock star all you want; just don't deify him.deign condescend.IHe felt that he would debase himself if he deigned to answer his critics.deleteerase; strike out.DIf you delete this paragraph, the composition will have more appeal. deleteriousharmful^Workers in nuclear research must avoid the deleterious effects of radioactive substances. deliberateconsider;ponder.XOffered the new job, she asked for time to deliberate before she made her decision. delineate portrary.]He is a powerful storyteller, but he is weakest when he attempts to delineate character.delirium$mental disorder marked by confusion.1The drunkard in his delirium saw strange animals.delta5flat plainof mud or sand between branches of a river.cHis dissertation discussed the effect of intermittent flooding on the fertility of Nile delta.deludedeceive.:Do not delude yourself into believing that he will relent.deluge flood; rush.FWhen we advertised the position, we received a deluge of applications.delusionfalse belief; hallucination&This scheme is a snare and a delusion.delusivedeceptive;raising vain hopes.>Do not raise your hopes on the basis of his delusive promises.delvedig; investigate.EDelving into old books and manuscripts is part of a researcher's job. demagogue7person who appeals to people's prejudice; false leader.gHe was accused of being a demagogue becausehe made premises that aroused futile hopes in his listeners.demean| (,X| degrade,humilitateLHe felt that he would demean himself if he replied to the scurrilous letter. derogatory Ŕ, | ¤ДADJ. expressing a low opinion!I resent your derogatory remarks.descry ļX, LDV. catch sight of:In the distance, we could barely descry the enemy vessels. desecrate 1hD T.#V. profane; violate the sanctity of#The soldiers desecrated the temple. desiccate 0| pX. V. dry upxA tour of this smokehouse will give you an idea of how the pioneers used to desiccate food in order to preserve it.desolate iX, Ȅ.*V. rob of joy; lay waste to; forsake. ADJ.WThe bandits desolated the countryside, burning farms and carrying off the harvest. despicable D\, xADJ. contemptible*Your despicable remarks call for no reply.despisexX. V. scorn.UI despise your attempts at a reconciliation at this tine abd refuse to meet you.despoil}X V. plunderHIf you do not yield, I am afraid the enemy will despoil the countryside. despondent \, t@&ADJ. depressed;gloomy. despondency, N.KTo the dismay of his parents, he became more and more despondent every day. despotism U, ų, Utyranny6The people rebelled against the despotism of the king. destitute\, M\extremely poor&The illness left the family destitute. desuetude 4, t JLdisused condition>The machinery in the idle factory was in a state of desuetude. desultoryĬ1t Ŕ, ȹltX%aimless; unsystematic; jumping around_The animals' desultory behavior indicated that they had no awareness of their predicament.detached\, \:ADJ. emorionally removed; calm and ovjective; indifferent.mA psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of wiew and stay uninvolved with her patients' personal lives. detergent8cleansing agent'Many new detergents have replaced soap. determinate Ux, U\3ADJ. having a fixed order of procedure; invariable.bAt the royalwedding, the procession of the nobles followed a determinate order of precedence. deterrent)t<)N. something that discourahes; hindrance.UDoes the threat of capital punishment serve as a deterrent to potential killers? detonation explosion)The detonation could be heard miles away. detraction, D)slandering; aspersionIHe is offended by your frequent detractions from his ability as a leader. detriment t, t, )t harm; damagemYour acceptance of his support will ultimately prove to be a detriment rather than an aid to your cause. detrimentalt\ADJ. harmful; damaging.hYour acceptance of her support will ultimately prove detrimental rather than helpful to your cause.deviate |X, Řturn away fromDo not deviate from the truth.devious|x, Dx, E\going astray; erraticfYour devious behavior in this matter puzzles me since you are usually direct and straightforward.devoid M,Ŕ, q\lackingjHe was devoid of any personal desire for gain in his endeavor to secure improvement in the community.devolve DŽX, 0deputize; pass to othersJIt devolved upon us, the survivors, to arrange peace terms with the enemy.devotee, 1enthusiastic follower<A devotee of the opera, he bought season tickets every year.devout ų\, xpiousThe devout man prayed daily. dexterous (ŋ@, \ ADJ. skillfuleThe magician was so dexterous that we could not follow his movements as he performed his tricks.dextrous( @, @skillfuldThe magician was so dextrous that we could not follow his movements as he performed his tricks. diabolicalE\, EȹXdevilish3This scheme is so diabolical that I must reject it.diademUcrown/The king's diadem was on display at the museum. dialectic | ` ; ɕ art of debatehI am not skilled in dialectic and, therefore, cannot answer your arguments as forcefully as I wish. diaphanous,҅\, DXΔsheer; transparent<They saw the burglar clearly through the daiphanous curtain.diatribe,\ DN. bitter scolding; invective.`During the lengthy diatribe delivered by his opponent he remained calm and self-controlled. dichotomy, N. branching into two parts.IThe dichotomy of our legislative system provides us with many safeguards.dictum , Ņ(N. authoritative and weighty statemnent.dShe repeated the statement as though it were the dictum of the most expert worker in the group.didactic Px, x5ADJ. teaching; instructional; preaching or moralizingThe didactic qualities of his poetry overshadow its literary qualities; the lesson he teaches is more memorable than the lines.die*N. device for stamping or impressing; moldeIn coining pennies, workers at the old mint squeezed sheets of softened copper between two dies. diffidence L,  L N. shynessHYou must overcome your diffidence if you intend to become a salesperson. diffusionUְ5N. wordiness; spreading in all directions like a gas.KYour composition suffers from a diffusion of ideas; try to be more compact. digression` Ũ"N. wandering away from the subjectNobody minded when Professor Renoir's lectures wandered away from their official theme; his digressions were always more fascinating than the topic of the day. dilapidatedi\, ӐADJ. ruined because of neglectDWe felt that the dilapidated building needed several coats of paint.dilate==¤. V. expand,In the dark, the pupils of your eyes dilate.dilatory Some mornings I feel a great disinclination to get our of bed. disingenuous|\, LI\, Ĭx,\not naive, sophisticatedFAlthough he was young, his remarks indicated that he was disingenuous.disinter..D (E,4d) Ӵ.dig up, unearth.They disinterred the body and held an autopsy. disinterestedt Ŕ, Ӭt Ŕ, \, ɰ\ unprejudiced8The only disinterested person in the room was the judge. disjointedt AҨ, <ր\, Ĭ  J@ disconnectedFHis remarks were so disjointed that we could not follow his reasoning.dislodge pX, `remove(forcibly) dismantle"(l,0l, $D|).. pX, pX, tX. take apartDWhen the show closed, they dismantled the scenery before storing it. dismember, 䲬| 0\0\ X, |D `, tմX.cut into small partsVWhen the Austrian Empire was dismembered, several new countries were established.dismiss0X, pX, Ǵń#put away from consideration, reject\Believing in John's love for her, she dismissed the notion that he might be unfaithful. disparageT, X, /, DXbelittleUdo not disparage anyone's contribution ; these little gifts add up to large sums disparatetDžX, <\ x, t Ŕbasicallu different, unrelateddIt is difficult, if not impossible, to organize these disparate elements into a coherent whole. disparity |X, , #difference, condition of inequality6The disparity in their ages made no difference at all. dispassionate T䴬 JŔ, ɰ\, \calm, impartialIn a dispassionate analysis of the problem, he carefully examined the causes of the conflict and proceeded to suggest suitable remedies.dispatch(|0X)`x ̬, h, 8=speediness, prompt execution, message sent with all due speedYoung Napoleon defeated the enemy with all possible dispatch; he then sent a dispatch to headquarters, informing his commander of the great victory.dispel..D Dń, )<\ i״Ɍ X.scatterDThe police fired tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters.disperse..D i״Ɍ X, ¤, ¤scatterHThe police fired the tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters. dispirited 0 x, t @lacking in spiritThe coach used all the tricks at his command to buoy up the enthusiasm of his team, which had become dispirited at the loss of the star player.disporte׹ , 0, ǜXamuseThe popularity of Florida as a winter resort is constantly increasing; each year, thousands more disport themselves at Miami Palm Beach. disputatious|x, |D DXՔ, |XՔ t argumentative; fond of argumentaPeople avoided discussing contemporary problems with him because of his disputatious manner. disquisition l, |8, |Sa formal systematic inquiry; an explanation of the results of a formal inquiryYIn his disquisition, he outlined the steps he had taken in reaching his conclusions. dissection, tՀ, tմ, +analysis; cutting apart in order to examine[the dissection of frogs in the laboratory is particularly unpleasant to some students. dissemble (0, Xdisguise; pretendqEven though you are trying to dissemble your motive in joining this group, we can see through your pretense. disseminate |ӸҬ,  Xscatter(like seeds)mThe invention of the radio has helped propagandists to disseminate their favorite doctrines very easily.dissentXǬD 첬X, ٳXX J.disagree`In the recent Supreme Court dicision, Justice Marshall dissented from the majority opinion. dissertation(҈ Y)|8, |$ formal essayIn order to earn a graduate degree from many of our universities, a candidate is frequently required to prepare a dissertation on some scholarly subject. dissidentXǬD 첬XՔ, XՔdissenting; rebelliousIn the purge that followed the student demonstrations at Tianamen Square, the government hunted down the dissident students and their supporters. dissimulate(D) (0, ..xǴ Xpretend; conceal by feigning=She tried to dissimulate her grief by her exuberant attitude. dissipate(l, H0|)i(, DX, XsquanderDThe young man quickly dissipated his inheritance and was soon broke. dissolution , tմ, tհ#disintegration, looseness in moralsVThe profligacy and dissolution of life in Caligula's Rome appall some historians. dissonance TL, pTdiscordXsome contemporary musicians deliberately use dissonance to achieve certain effects.dissuade X P¤.advise against?He could not dissuade his friend from joining the conspirators.distant(p<\) , <;ij \"reserved or aloof; could in manner;His distant greeting made me feel unwelcome from the start.distend ==¤, expand; swell outUI can tell when he is under stress by the way the veins distend on his forehead.distill..D XX, X, ̹purify; refine; concentrate[A moonshiner distills mash into whisky; an epigrammatist distills thoughts into quips. distortion\, Ұ , ttwisting out of shapeIt is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts of this event because of the distortions and exaggerations written by the reporters.distrait M\, )X absent-mindedubecause of his conentration on the problem, the professor often appeared distrait and unconcerned about routine. distraught ȹLt \, \\upset; distracted by anxietyLThe distraught parents frantically searched the ravine for their lost child.diurnal|X, ȹX, X, XٳHXdailyhA farmer cannot neglect his diurnal tasks at any time; cows, for example, must be milked regularly.divaX 1 , լȹȳoperatic singer; prima donnaLAlthough world famous as a diva, she did not indulge in fits of temperament.diverge |8 $, 0X4vary; go in different directions from the same point-The spokes of the wheel diverge from the hub. divergentŜ, tXՔ, |ɔ, 0XՔdiffering, deviatingaThe two witnesses presented the jury with remarkably divergent accounts of the same episode.divest 0, Xstrip, deprive#He was divested of his power to act divinationȹ%X ij<\ | h*foeseeing the future with the aid of magic\I base my opinions not on any special gift of divination but on the laws of probabilitydivulge\XrevealOI will not tell you this news because I am sure you will divulge it prematurelydocile …XՔ, }Œ pȅobedient, easily managedUAs docile as he seems today, that old lion was once a ferocious, snarling beast.docket t |nj\7program, as for trial; book where such entries are madeBThe case of Smith vs. Jones was entered in the docket for July 15. doddering T䴬,  shaky, infirn from old ageAlthough he is not as yet a doddering and senile old man, his ideas and opinions no longer can merit the respect we gave them years ago.dofftake offHe doffed his hat to the ladydoggerelǃ Ŕ poor verse\Although we find occasional snatches of genuine poetry in his writing is mere doggerel.dogmatic x, ųxarbitrary, dictatorialEDo not be so dogmatic about that statement; it can be easily refuted.dolorous , sorrowfulyHe found the dolorous lamentations of the bereaved family emotionally disturbing and he left as quickly as he could.dolt@ stupid personoI thought I was talking to a mature audience; instead, I find myself addressig a pack of dolts and idiots.domicile, ȌhomepAlthough his legal domicile was in New York city, his work kept him away from his residence for many years.dormantǐǔ, <X, ٳt\sleeping, lethargic, torpid{Sometimes dormant talents in our friends surprise those of us who never realized how gifted acquaintances really were.dorsalٳ ɘ\, ɔ\disgustingly excessive8His fulsome praise of the dictator annoyed his listeners functionary4officialsAs his case was transferred from one functionary to another, he began to despair of ever reaching a settlement fundamental 0x; Xbasic; primary; essentialuThe committee discussed all sorts of side issues without ever getting down to addressing the fundamental problemfunereal; ǡX sad; solemncI fail to understand why there is such a funereal atmosphere; we have lost a battle, not a warfuror ; ,\ frenzy; great excitementUThe story of her embezzlement of the funds created a furor on the stock exchangefurtive XՔ; @\stealthy; sneakyNothing the furtive glance the customer gave the diamond bracelet on the counter, the jeweler wondered whether he had a potential shoplifter on his hands fusillade| ; (8,DX) <simultaneous firing or outburst(of missiles, questions, etc)UTchaikovsky's 1812 Overture concludes with a thunderous fusillade of cannon firefusion5t; iunion; coalitionThe opponents of the political party in power organized a fusion of disgruntled groups and became an important element in the electionfutileŔ; pŔ; 4u\(useless; hopeless; ineffectual; triflingpIt is futile for me to try to get any work done around here while the telephone is ringing every 30 secondsgadfly ; .@ 'animal-biting fly; an irritating personLike a gadfly, he irritated all the guests at the hotel; within forty-eight hours, everyone regarded him as an annoying busybodygaffe(P,xPX) , social blunder~According to Miss Manners, to call your husband by your lover's name is worse than a mere gaffe; it is a tactical mistake germinatet cause to sprout; sproutAfter the seeds germinate and develop their permanent leaves, the plants may be removed from the cold frames and transplanted to the garden. gerrymander< pl|>0 ǬXՌ XEchange voting district lines in order to favor a political partyThe illogical pattern of the map of this congressional district is proof that the State Legislature gerrymandered this area in order to favor the majority party.gestate~D Xevolve, as in prenatal growthwWhile this scheme was being gestated by the conspirators, they maintained complete silence about their intentions. gesticulationX0motion; gesture}Operatic performers are trained to make exaggerated gesticulation because of the large auditoriums in which they appear.ghastly44\horrible%The murdered man was a ghastly sight.gibber 8 | йD Įtspeak foolishly'The demented man gibbered incoherently.gibbetPgallowsmThe bodies of the highwaymen were left dangling from the gibbet as a warning to other would-be transgressors.gibe$mockxAs you gibe at their superstitious beliefs, do you realize that you, too, are guilty of similarly foolish thoughts?giddy 0 ; D\light-herted; dizzy!He felt his giddy youth was past.gingerlyD XՌvery carefully=She was asked to give the gist of the essay in two sentences.gistessence=She was asked to give the gist of the essay in two sentences.glaze Ǭ| |#cover with a thin and shiny surface@The freezing rain glazed the streets and made driving hazardous.glean<tǭD> gather leavings{After the crops had been barvested by the machines, the peasants were permitted to glean the wheat left in the fields.glibй XՐfluentHe is a glib speaker.gloatଌ\ t |; ǻ aq\t |,express evil satisfaction; view malevolentlycAs you gloat over your ill-gotten wealth, do you think of the many victims you have defrauded?glossyt smocth and shining/I want this photograph printed on glossy paper.glowerD !scowl%The angry boy glowered at his father.glutijXՌ X; ijXՌ D̰overstock; fill to excessuThe many manufacturers glutted the market and could not find purchasers for the many articles they had produced. glutinous DPX; )1Xsticky; viscous"Molasses is a glutinous substance. gluttonous t; E 9dwarf; underground spirit'The gluttonous boy ate all the cookies.goadٳXurge on>He was goaded by his friends until he yielded to their wishes.gougeּtear outxIn that fight, all the rules were forgotten; the adversaries bit, kicked, and tried to gouge each other's eyes out.gullible0 l´easily deceivedHHe preyed upon gullible people, who believed his stories of easy wealth. hackneyedɀ\commonplace. trite[The English teacher criticized her story because of its hackneyed and unoriginal plot. haphazard\random. by chanceIHis haphazard reading left him unacquainted with the authors of the book. implement(v)‰X, ‰X; l| X)supply what is needed; furnish with toolsrI am unwilling to implement this plan until I have assurance that it has the full approval of your officials.implyhՕ<\ XX, TX(suggest a meaning not expressed; signifyEven though your statement does not declare that you are at war with that country, your actions imply that that is the actual situation. imponderable&4 Ŕ, 4| L  Ŕ; `  Ŕ, DŴ  Ŕweightless; unfathomablegI can evaluate the data gathered in this study; the imponderable items are not so easily analyzed. ingenuous\naive. young. unsophisticated[These remarks indicate that you are ingenuous and unaware of life's harsher realities. instigate ‘X. |<Ǥurge. start. provoke7I'm afraid that this statement will instigate a revolt.inuredu\; (accustomed; hardened%He became inured to the Alaskan cold. invalidate4\ ̹weaken; destroyThe relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document. invectiveDabuseKHe had expected criticism but not the invective which greeted his proposal.inveigh, DX; $X$denounce; utter censure or invectiveHe inveighed against the demagoguery of the previous speaker and urged that the audience reject his philosophy as dangerous.inveigle; C\ й\ tlead astray; wheedle(She was inveigled into joining the club.inverseXoppositeIThere is an inverse ratio between the strength of light and its distance.invertp\ Xturn upside down or inside outNWhen he inverted his body in a hand stand, he felt the blood rush to his head. inveterate ̿J@; xdeep-rooted; habitualShe is an inveterate smoker. invidiousd8\#designed to create ill will or envyMWe disregarded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was. invincible4X unconquerableSuperman is invincible. inviolability14security from being destroyed, corrupted or profanedbThey respected the inviolability of her faith and did not try to change her manner of living.invokeL; 8֌Xcall upon; ask forEShe invoked her advisor's aid in filling out her financial aid forms. invulnerable XՌ `  Ŕincapable of injury-Achilles was invulnerable except in his heel.iotaD pvery samll quantity#She hadn't an iota of common sense. irascible1ȹx; 1 \irritable; easily angered#His irascible temper frightened me.irate1angryWhen John's mother found out that he had overdrawn his checking account for the third month in a row, she was so irate floated on the surface of the water. iridescent4 [TXexhibiting rainbowlike colorsYShe admired the iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water.irksome ɘ; \annoying; tediousnHe found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform.ironicX.resulting in an unexpected and contrary manner;It is ironic that his success came when he least wanted it.ironyԐ; ŕahidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that convey a meaning opposite to the literal meaningGradually his listeners began to realize that the excessive praise he was lavishing was merely irony; he was actually denouncing his opponent.irreconcilableTt`  Ŕ; 5TX0 $%incompatible; not able to be resolveddBecause the separated couple were irreconcilable, the marriage counselor recommended a divorce. irrefragable ű\; 4Ĭ\!not to be disproved; indisputableCThis statement is irrelevant and should be disregarded by the jury. irremediable XX; `  Ŕincurable; uncorrectableGThe error she made was irremediable; she could see no way to repair it. irreparable `  Ŕ$not able to be corrected or repairedZYour apology cannot atone for the irreparable damage you have done to her reputation. irrepressible|  Ŕ$unable to be restrained or held back$Her high spirits were irrepressible. irresolute%t Ŕ; ǀ\uncertain how to act; weakHShe had no respect for him because he seemed weak-willed and irresolute. irreverent\lacking proper respectBThe worshippers resented her irreverent remarks about their faith. irrevocable`  Ŕ unalterable?Let us not brood over past mistakes since they are irrevocable.litotesᬸŕ(XǴX <\ \  İ)understatement for emphasisTo say, "He little realizes," when we mean that he does not realize at all, is an example of the kind of understatement we call litotes.livid [X; xx; x\%lead-colored; black and blue; enragedbHis face was so livid with rage that we were afraid that he might have an attack of apoplexy.loath ´X; Xaverse; reluctant#They were both loath for him to go.loathe ´XdetestWe loathed the wicked villain.lodemetal-bearing vein]If this lode which we have discovered extends for any distance, we have found a fortune.lofty买 @ very high1They used to tease him about his lofty ambitions.loiter Hep; |\wild; sensational0The lurid stories he told shocked his listeners.lusciousd\pleasing to taste or smellThe ripe peach was luscious.luster; $ shine; gloss:The soft luster of the silk in the dim light was pleasing.lustrousȈXՔshiningMHer large and lustrous eyes gave a touch of beauty to an otherwise drab face. luxuriant 0; 41\; T$\fertile; abundant; ornate(Farming was easy in this luxuriant soil.macabre 44\; |XΔgruesome; grisly6The city morgue is a macabre spot for the uninitiated.macerate}X waste awayCancer macerated his body. machiavellian Xcarfty; double-dealingI do not think he will be a good ambassador because he is not accustomed to the machiavellian maneuverings of foreign diplomats. machinationsLǨschemes)I can see through your wily machinations.madrigal@ pastoral songgHis program of folk songs included several madrigals which he sang to the accompaniment of a lute. maelstromp ̳t whirlpool,The canoe was tossed about in the maeistrom. magnanimous\generous(The philanthropist was most magnanimous.magnatepmՐ2person dissatisfied with existing state of affairstHe was one of the few malcontents in Congress; he constantly voiced his objections to the Presidential program. maledictioncurse3The witch uttered maledictions against her captors. malefactorxcriminal2We must try to bring these malefactors to justice. malevolentEXLjǔ wishing evil&We must thwart his malevolent schemes. malicious ‚@dictated by hatred or spite)The malicious neighbor spread the gossip.malign /; Xspeak evil of; defameNBecause of her hatred of the family, she maligns all who are friendly to them. malignant EX ǔ; ų1X"having an evil influence; virulentYThis is a malignant disease; we may have to use drastic measures to stop its spread. malingerer Ѽ %one who feigns illness to escape duty;The captain ordered the sergeant to punish all malingerers.mall 4 t E8 public walkNThe Mall in Central Park has always been a favorite spot for Sunday strollers. malleable P䴨  ǔ#capable of being shaped by poundingGold is a malleable metal. malodorous }\ İ foul-smelling/The compost heap was most malodorous in summer.mammal ٳ<2a vertebrate animal whose female suckles its youngNMany people regard the whale as a fish and do not realize that it is a mammal.mammothp\giganticHThe mammoth corportations of the twentieth century are a mixed blessing.manacle X; D D̰restrain; handcuffDThe police immediately manacled the prisoner so he could not escape.mandate; DŽ order; chargeIn his inaugural address, the President stated that he had a mandate from the people to seek an end to social evils such as poverty, poor housing, etc. mandatoryDŽX obligatoryIThese instructions are mandatory; any violation will be severly punished.mangy|\; D8\shabby; wrethced>We finally threw out the mangy rug that the dog had destroyed.maniacalx raving mad$His maniacal laughter frightened us.manifest1\; \understandable; clear@His evil intentions were manifest and yet we could not stop him. mausoleump 4d, monumental tomb,His body was placed in the family mausoleum.mauve \ [(X) pale purple]The mauve tint in the lilac bush was another indication that spring had finally arrived.maverickx ̈ J@ D; ųx x D w )an unbranded animal; rebel, nonconformistTo the masculine literary establishment, George Sand with her insistence on wearing trousers and smoking cigars was clearly a maverick who fought her proper womanly role.mawkishѼx, Ũsickening; insipid(Your mawkish sighs fill me with disgust.maximproverb; a truth pithily stated,His body was placed in the family mausoleum.meager@ X; X՘ Ŕscanty, inadequateAHis salary was far too meager for him to afford to buy a new car. mealymouthedй̹ ܴ췴, x, | )indirect in speech; hypocritical; evasive|Rather than tell Jill directly what he disliked, Jack made a few mealymouthed comments and tried to change the subject.meanderll\ D д (9@ <\ t)to wind or turn in its coursecIt is difficult to sail up this stream because of the way it meanders through the countryside. meddlesome 8̬X0 DXՔ interferingKHe felt his marriage was suffering because of his meddlesome mother-in-law.mediateɬX4settle a dispute through the services of an outsiderELet us mediate our differences rahter than engage in a costly strike.mediocre Ӕ\, ordinary, commonplaceaWe were disappointed because he gave a rather mediocre performance in this role. meditation, Preflection; thoughtmedleyaccident6With a little care you could have avoided this mishap.misnomerҰm; $m!wrong name; incorrect designation`his tyrannical conduct proved to all that his nickname, King Eric the Just, was a misnomer.misogamyThe ambassador received a missive from the Secretary of State.miteܴ0; ȳ)very small object or creature; small coin$Gnats are annoying mites that sting.mitigateDTXappease=Nothing he did could mitigate her wrath; she was unforgiving.mnemonic0Xpertaining to memory,he used mnemonic tricks to master mew words.mobiletٳ`  ǔ; ٳ1Xmovable; not fixedOThe mobile blood bank operated by the Red Cross visited our neighborhood today.mode)prevailing style0She was not used to their lavish mode of living.modicum}limited quantity)His story is based on a modicum of truth.modish ljD 0t fashionable>She always discarded all garments which were no longer modish. modulationpL; p-toning down; changing from one key to another6When she spoke, it was with quiet modulation of voice.mogulp<powerful personBThe oil moguls made great profits when the price of gasoline rose.moiety; |ǀ half; partThere is a slight moiety of the savage in her personality which is not easily perceived by those who do not know her well.molecule,the smallest part of a homogeneous substanceLIn chemistry, we study how atoms and molecules react to form new substances.mollifyDT¤sootheEWe tried to mollify the hysterical child by promising her many gifts. mollycoddleQ; ɘXΌ Xpamper; indulge excessively2Don't mollycoddle the boy, Maud! You'll spoil him.molt8D !shed or cast off hair or feathers$The male robin molted in the spring.molteny@meltedmThe city of Pompeii ws destroyed by volcanic ash rather than by molten lava flowing from Mount Vesuvius. momentous\very important3On this momentous occasion, we must be very solemn.momentumٳɷ; ,quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus;The car lost momentum as it tried to ascend the steep hill.monarchypXgovernment under a single ruler!England today remains a monarchy.monasticijXrelated to monks<Wanting to live a religiuos life, he took his monastic vows.monetaryXpertaining to moneyKShe was in complete charge of all monetary matters affecting the household. monolithic |ǴX; \solidly uniform; unyielding2The patriots sought to present a monolithic front. monotheism|Pbelief in one God;Abraham was the first to proclaim his belief in monotheism.monotonyp\sameness leading to boredomUHe took a clerical job, but soon grew to hate the monotony of his daily routine. monumentalŭ̜massive*Writing a dictionary is a monumental task. moodinessUfits of depression or gloom;We could not discover the cause of her recurrent moodiness.moori4marshy wastelandOThese moors can only be used for hunting ; they are too barren for agriculture.moot `X ǔ debatable$Our tariff policy is a moot subject. moratoriumɈ 0legal delay of paymentIf we declare a moratorium and delay colletion of debts for six months, I am sure the farmers will be able to meet their bils.morbidѼx; LǸ\$given to unwholesome thought; gloomyoThese morbid speculations are dangerous; we must lighten our spirits by emphasizing more pleasant matters.mordantt\; D,; „\biting; sarcastic; stinging'Actors feared the critic's mordant pen.mores customs?The mores of Mexico are those of Spain with some modifications. morganatic <֑describing a marriage between a member of a royal family and a commoner in which it is agreed that any children will not inherit title, etc.Refusing the suggestion of a morganatic marriage, the king abdicated from the throne when he could not marry the woman he loved.oaf1Xstupid, awkward person.He called the unfortunate waiter a clumsy oaf.obdurateD\stubborn;He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints. obeisanceXbow=She made an obeisance as the king and queen entered the room.obelisk),tall column tapering and ending in a pyramidACleopatra's Needle is an obelisk in New York City's Central Park.obeseXՌ fat5It is advisable that obese people try to lose weight. obfuscate<ր¤; qXՌ Xconfuse; muddle@Do not obfuscate the issues by dragging in irrelevant arguments. objective x; \ not influenced by emotions; fairIEven though he was her son, she tried to be objective about his behavior. objective(n)\;  goal; aim0A degree in medicine was her ultimate objective. objurgationL; Dsevere rebuke; scoldingMObjurgations and even threats of punishment did not deter the young hoodlums. obligatory X4x; Dxbinding; requiredXIt is obligatory that books borrowed from the library be returned within two weeks.oblique D\; XGslanting; deviating from the perpendicular or from a straight line6The sergeant ordered the men to march "Oblique Right." obliterateTD ɰdestroy completely3The tidal wave obliterated several island villages.oblivionݹ forgetfulnessLHer works had fallen into a state of oblivion, no one bothered to read them. obnoxious 췴 offensive6I find your behavior obnoxious; please mend your ways. obscure(a)\; `\; XJ@dark; vague; unclearHEven after I read the poem a fourth time, its meaning was still obscure. obscure(v)a X; P׬ Xdarken; make unclearXAt times he seemed purposely to obscure his meaning, preferring mystery to clarity. obsessionP; \ JŔ Pfixed idea; continued broodingOThis obsession with the supernatural has made him unpopular with his neighbors.obsoleteĨt outmoded%That word is obsolete; do not use it. obstetricianXǬ,physician specializing in delivery of babies{In modern times, the delivery of children has passed from the midwife to the more scientifically trained obstetrician. obstinateD\stubborn]We tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he was obstinate and refused to change. obstreperous; \boisterous; noisyfThe crowd became obstreperous and shouted their disapproval of the proposals made by the speaker.obtrudeXpush into prominence~The other members of the group object to the manner in which you obtrude your opinions into matters of no concern to you. obtrusive  8̬XՔpushing forwardUI found her a very obtrusive person, constantly seeking the center of the stage.obtuseT\; T\ blunt; stupidgBecause he was so obtuse, he could not follow the teacher's reasoning and asked foolish questions.obviate `; pXmake unnecessary; get rid ofUI hope this contribution will obviate any need for further collections of funds.occidentthe WestYIt will take time for the Occident to understand the ways and customs of the Orient.occludeɹ; X shut; close-A blood clot occluded an artery to the heart.occultD췴; (@; ͐x mysterious; secret; supernaturalCThe occult rites of the organization were revealed only to members.oculistH XǬ2physician who specializes in treatment of the eyes|In many states, an oculist is the only one who may apply medicinal drops to the eyes for the purpose of examining them.odious$`hateful-I find the task of punishing you most odious.odiumE; repugnance; dislike:I cannot express the odium I feel at your heinous actions. odoriferousİgiving off an odor5The odoriferous spices stimulated her jaded appetite.odorous0\having an odorZThis variety of hybrid tea rose is more odorous than the one you have in your garden.odyssey0X ʼnlong, eventful journey=The refugee's journey from Cambodia was a terrifying odyssey.offal0; <waste; garbageiIn America, we discard as offal that which could feed families in less fortunate parts of the world. offertory; `collection of money at religious ceremony; part of the Mass during which offerings are made^The donations collected during the offertory will be assigned to our mission work abroad. officiousɹ 8̬XՔ;  *meddlesome; excecessively trying to pleasexBrowning informs us that the Duke resented the bough of cherries some officious fool brought to please the Duchess.ogle | X$glance coquettishly at; make eyes at{Sitting for hours at the sidewalk cafe, the old gentleman would ogle the young girls and recall his youthful romances. olfactoryXconcerning the sense of smell The olfactory organ is the nose. oligarchy ų Xgovernment by a few4The feudal oligarchy was supplanted by an autocracy.ominous8\ threatening5These clouds are ominous; they ported a severe storm. omnipotentȥ\ all-poweredWThe monarch regarded himself as omnipotent and responsible to no one for his acts. omnipresent ӬXՔ; Ř ǔuniversally present; ubiquitous-On Christmas Eve, Santa Claus is omnipresent. omniscientX all-knowingEI do not pretend to be omniscient, but I am positive about this fact. omnivorous 1X; D4p 96eating both plantand animal food; devouring everythingsome animals, including man, are omnivorous and eat both meat and vegetables; others are either carnivorous or herbivorous.onerous1 burdensome@He asked for an assistant becasue his work load was too onerous. onomatopoeiaX1+words formed in imitation of natural soundsBWords like "rustle" and "gargle" are illustraions of onomatopoeia. onslaughtvicious assaultUWe suffered many casualties during the unexpected onslaught of the enemy troops.onus; Ēburden; responsibilityThe emperor was spared the onus of signing the surrender papers; instead, he relegated the assignment of the enemy troops. opalescent D iridescent>The Ancient Mariner admired the opalescent sheen on the water.opaque P; ,҅\dark; not transparent4The opaque window kept the sunlight out of the room.opiatet; ȹ sleep producer; deadener of painnBy such opiates, she made the people forget their difficulties and accept their unpleasant circumstances. opportune 0 @; \timely; well chosen@You have come at an opportune moment for I need a new secretary.opulence ,Ԁwealth@Visitors from Europe are amazed at the opulence of this country.oratorio $|Ѭ$,1dramatic poem set to musicBThe glee club decided to present an oratorio during their recital. ordinance9decree7Passing a red light is a violation of a city ordinance.orificelM,Dmouthlike opening;small openingtThe Howe Caverns were discovered when someone observed that a cold wind was issuing from an orifice in the hillside.ornateT$\&excessively decorated,highly decoratedIFurniture of the Baroque period can be recognized by its ornate carvings. ornithologistpXYՐscientific student of birdsAudubon's drawings of American bird life have been of interest not only to the ornithologists but also to the general public. oscillateٳX.vibrate pendulumlike;waverlIt is interesting to note how public opinion oscillates between the extremes of optimism and pessimism.ossifyTX.When he called his opponent a "bonehead", he implied that his adversary's brain had ossified and that he was not capable of clear thinking. ostensible \tX,X,\apparent;professed;pretended ostentatious8| ,,T$\showy;pretentious$The real hero is never ostentatious. ostracize )X,0X.exclude from public favor;banzAs soon as the newspapers carried the story of his connection with the criminals, his friends began to ostracize him.overt1\,\ open to viewvAccording to the United States Constitution,a person must commit an overt act before he may be tried for treason.pacifistTXǐ%one opposed to force;anti-millitaristeThe pacifists urged that we reduce our military budget and recall our troops stationed overseas.paean0hX x,,,¬X xsong of praise or joy&They sang paeans to the god of spring. palatable۹@,\agreeable;pleasing to the taste)Paying taxes can never be made palatable.palatialX ƥ\ magnificent/He proudly showed us through his palatial home.palaver,,DŨ$discussion;misleading speech;chatterIn spite of all the palaver before the meeting, the delegates were able to conduct serious negotiations when they sat down at the conference table.palette%board on which painter mixes pigmentshAt the present time, art supply stores are selling paper palettes which may be discarded after use.palletsmall,poor bed5The weary traveler went to sleep on his straw pallet.palliateɌ X,X.'ease pain;make less guilty or offensive3Doctors must palliates that which they cannot cure.pallid=1\pale;wanBecause his occupation required that he work at night and sleep during the day, he had an exceptionally pallid complexion.palpable ̹ ǔ,1\tangible;easily perceptibleCI cannot understand how you could overlook such a palpable blunder. palpitate Pp,. throb;flutterLAs he become excited,his heart began to palpitate more and more erratically.paltryX.@,4X\insignificant;petty3This is a paltry sum to pay for such a masterpiece.panacea̹ѼX} cure-all;remedy for all disease.VThere is no easy panacea that will solve our complicated international situation. pandemoniumȹ,| wild tumultVWhen the ships collided in the harbor,pandemonium broke out among the passengers.pandert,"cater to the low desires of others>Books which pander to man's lowest instincts should be banned. panegyric ,̬, m,X й formal praiselThe modest hero blushed as he listened to the panegyric uttered by the speakers about his valorous act.panorama x|ȹ,D И 6comprehensive view;unobstructed view in all directionsMTourists never forget the impact of their first panorama of the Grand Canyon. pantomime4acting without dialogueXBecause he worked in pantomime, the clown could be understood wherever he appeared.papyrus <踤, <踤 t.ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant.?The ancient Egyptians were among the first to write on papyrus.parableT$short,simple story teaching a moral.ELet us apply the lesson that this parable teaches to our own conduct.parapet#low wall at edge of roof or balconyqThe best way to attack the soldiers fighting behind the parapets on the roof is by bombardment from the air. paraphernaliaDequipment; odds and endsjHis desk was cluttered with paper, pen, ink, dictionary and other paraphernalia of the writing craft. paraphrase йX[restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author.In 250 words or less, paraphrase this article.parasite0; DŨt; Lő3animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophantWThe tapeworm is an example of the kind of parasite that may infest the human body.parched  ȹx; ȹxextremely dry; very thirsty4The parched desert landscape seemed hostile to life. paregoricɵmedicine that eases pain=The doctor prescribed a paregoric to alleviate his suffering.pariah\0 0̳D  @ social outcast/I am not a pariah to be shunned and ostracized.parity ٳ; \ Ǭequality; close resemblancebI find your analogy inaccurate because I do not see the parity between the two illustrations.parlanceй,; planguage; idiom;All this legal parlance confuses me; I need an interpreter.parley conference8The peace parley has not produced the anticipated truce. parochial\; )x; PlX2narrow in outlook; provincial; related to parishesrAlthough Jane Austen writes novels set in small rural communities, her concerns are universal, not parochial.parody,x ); Ƥ] ̹humorous imitation; travestyFWe enjoyed the clever parodies of popular songs which the chorus sang.paroxysm<X>%fit or attack of pain, laughter, rageIWhen he heard of his son's misdeeds, he was seized by a paroxysm of rage. parricide tȍtՐ; Ő5person who murders his own father; murder of a father>The jury was shocked by the details of this vicious parricide. parsimonious x\; ij\ }XՔstingy; excessively frugalAHis parsimonious nature did not permit him to enjoy any luxuries. partial(1)|ǀX incompletewIn this issue we have published only a partial list of contributors because we lack space to acknowledge everyone. partial(2)\%biased; having a liking for something,I am extremely partial to chocolate eclairs.partisan x, t \+one-sided; prejudiced; committed to a partyFOn certain issues of conscience, she refused to take a partisan stand. parturition̹; tհdelivery; childbirthtThe difficulties anticipated by the obstetricians at parturition did not materialize; it was a normal delivery.parvenu0 8\ ; }upstart; newly rich personeAlthough extremely wealthy, he was regarded as a parvenu by the aristocratic members of society.passe ; pXold-fashioned; past the prime8Her style is passe and reminiscent of the Victorian era.passive ٳ1X; 4mXnot active; acted uponMahatma Gandi urged his followers to pursue a program of passive resistance as he felt that it was more effective than vilence and acts of terrorism.pastiche)LjFimitation of another's style in musical composition or in writing|We cannot even say that her music is a pastiche of this composer or that; it is, rather, reminiscent of many musicians.pastoralXruraldIn these stories of pastoral life, we find an understanding of the daily tasks of country folk.patent ) ǔ; 1\$open for the public to read; obvious;It was patent to everyone that the witness spoke the truth.pathetic`Ř\; x; ; ,x+causing sadness, compassion, pity; touchingmEveryone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his pathetic tale about the orphaned boy. pathologicalѼYXpertaining to diseasekAs we study the pathological aspects of this disease, we must not overlook the psychological elements.pathos `; ; `Stender sorrow; pity; guality in art or literature that produces these feelingswThe quiet tone of pathos that ran throught the novel never degenerated into the maudlin or the overly sentimental.patina<ٳ X> =\ [; ԨMgreen crust on old brozen works; tone slowly taken by varnished paintingmJudging by the patina on this bronze statue, we can conclude that this is the work of a medieval artist.patois,Ҭlocal or provincial dialectuHis years of study of the language at the university did not enable him to understand the patois of the natives. patriarch; qȥ%father and ruler of a family or tribeDIn many primitive tribes, the leader and lawmaker was the patriarch. patriarch; qȥ%father and ruler of a family or tribeDIn many primitive tribes, the leader and lawmaker was the patriarch. patricianqX; \noble; aristocratic5We greatly admired her well-bred, patrician elegance. patricideDń tՔ1person who murders his father; murder of a father@The words parricide and patricide have exactly the same meaning. patrimony8 ǰinheritance from father`As predicted by his critics, he spent his patrimony within two years of his father's death. patronize X; 8Xsupport; act superior towardgExperts in a field sometimes appear to patronize people who are less knowledgeable of the subject.paucityqscarcityaThey closed the restaurant because the paucity of customers made it uneconomical to operate. peccadillo@ $slight offensewIf we examine these escapades carefully, we will realize that they are mere peccadilloes rather than major crimes. peculation9; ijembezzlement; theftlHer peculations were not discovered until the auditors found discrepancies in the financial statements. pecuniaryX, ȳXpertaining to money?I never expected pecuniary reward for my work in this activity. pedagogueP; ܭYt L\ !tearcher; dull and formal teacher`He could never be a stuffy pedagogue; his classes were always lively and filled with humor.pedagogyP; P!Yteaching; art of educationThough Maria montessori gained fame for her innovations in pedagogy, it took years before her teaching techniques were common practice in American schools.pedant`:scholar who overemphasizes book learning or technicalitiesdHer insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a scholar.pedantic DŔ XՔ; Yxshowing off learning; bookishUWhat you say is pedantic and reveals an unfamiliariy with the realities of life. pedestrian Ӕ\; 8xordinary; unimaginativeEUnintentionally boring, he wrote page after page of pedestrian prose. pediatricianD XǬexpert in children's diseasesaThe family doctor advised the parents to consult a pediatrician about their child's ailment.pediment0triangular part above columns in Greek buildingscThe pediment of the building was filled with sculptures and adorned with elaborate scrollwork. pejorativexxKhaving a deteriorating or depreciating effect on the meaning of a wordGHis use of pejorative language indicated his contempt for his audience. pell-mell XՌ; eein confusion; disorderlyUThe excited students dashed pell-mell into the stadium to celebrate the victory.pittance}X a small allowance or wagetHe could not live on the pittance he received as a pension and had to look for an additional source of revenue.pivotalɔX; ͕Xcentral; criticalDe Klerk's decision to set Nelson Mandela free was pivotal; without Mandela's release, there was no possibility that the African National Congress would entertain talks with the South African government.placate<D>¤; <D>처pacify; conciliate.The teacher tried to placate the angry mother.placebo < Ǩ1t Ŕ>}-harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill|In a controlled experiment, fifty volunteers were given erythromycin tablets; the control group received only placebos.placid(\; pȩ\peaceful; calmFAfter his vacation in this placid section, he felt soothed and rested. plagiarize<X 8, , H D>ijX4steal another's ideas and pass them off as one's ownThe editor could tell that the writer had plagiarized parts of the article; he could recognize whole paragraphs from the original source. plaintivelmournful-The dove has a plaintive and melancholy call. platitudeɀ; ,Ҵ#trite remark; commonplace statementThe platitudes in his speech were applauded by the vast majority in his audience; only a few people perceived how trite his remarks were.platonic x; Px; tx5purely spiritual; theoretical; without sensual desireAccused of impropriety in his dealings with female students, the professor maintained he had only a platonic interest in the women involved. plauditory ,1XՔ; DXՔapproving; applaudingbThe theatrical company reprinted the plauditory comments of the critics in its advertisement. plausible \; xƑ̹ @3having a show of truth but open to double; speciousNEven though your argument is plausible, I still would like to have more proof. plebiscitem,\5expression of the will of a people by direct electionI think this matter is so importnat that it should be decided not by a handful of legislators but by a plebiscite of the entire nation.plenary D\; Ɯ\complete; full]The union leader was given plenary power to negotiate a new contract with the employers.plenipotentiaryȌD fully empoweredSince he was not given plenipotentiary powers by his government, he could not commit his country without consulting his superiors. plenitudë́; Dabundance; completenessnLooking in the pantry, we admired the plenitude of fruits and pickles we had preserved during the summer.plethora; excess; overabundance7She offered a plethora of reasons for her shortcomings.pluck0courageEven the adversaries of young Indiana Jones were impressed by the boy's pluck in trying to rescue the archeological treasure they had stolen.plumbx; X#checking perpendicularity; vertical_Before hanging wallpaper it is advisable to drop a plumb line from the ceiling as a guide. podiatrist8&doctor who treats ailments of the feet2He consulted a podiatrist about his fallen arches.poignantt\; ; „\keen; piercing; severe*Her poignant grief left her pale and weak.polarizeT¤&split into opposite exptremes or campsYThe abortion issue has polarized the country into pro-choice and antiabortion camps.polemic|; |1controversy; argument in support of point of viewDHer essays were, for the main part, polemics for the party's policy.politic Ӭ\; \; օ\ expedient; prudent; well devisedWEven though he was disappointed, he did not think it politic to refuse this offer.polityX%form of government of nation or statepOur polity should be devoted to the concept that the government should strive for the good of all citizens.poltroontcowardFOnly a poltroon would so betray his comrades at such a dangerous time. polygamist|ǀ 䲘̐*one who has more than one spouse at a timeNHe was arrested as a polygamist when his two wives filed complaints about him.polyglot | й\ XՔspeaking several languagescNew York City is a polyglot community because of the thousands of immigrants who settle there. pompositypܴ; Ȕnj4self-important behavior; acting like a stuffed shirtAlthough the commencement speaker had some good things to say, we had to laugh at his pomposity and general air of parading his own dignity. ponderous貈 4p; 0 weighty; like a sieveBHis humor lacked the light touch; his jokes were always ponderous.porous 1X; ,1Xfull of pores; like a sieve_Dancers like to wear porous clothing because it allows the ready passage of water and air.portend X; p foretell; presageaThe king did not know what these omens might portend and asked his soothsayers to interpret them.portent X; p; psign; omen; forewarning1He regarded the black cloud as a portent of evil.portlyD̹\; \stately; stoutLThe overweight gentleman was referred to as portly by the polite salesclerk. posterityǐ; 8descendants; future generations-We hope to leave a better world to posterity. posthumousX_after death(as of child born after father's death or book published after authour's death)wThe critics ignored his works during his lifetime; it was only after the posthumous publication of his last novel. postprandialX after dinnerXThe most objectionable feature of these formal banquets is the postprandial speech. postulateself-evident truth_We must accept these statements as postulates before pursuing our discussions any further.posture8| X; ~xǴX)assume an affected pose; act artificiallyrNo matter how much Arnold boasted or postured, I could not believe he was as importnat as he pretended to be.potableȹ0 L޹@suitalbe for drinkingThe recent drought in the Middle Atlantic States has emphasized the need for extensive research in ways of making sea water potable.potent %\; $ݴ% ǔ; 8%ǔ)powerful; persuasive; greatly influentialWThe jury was swayed by the highly potent testimony of the crime's sole eyewitness. potentate %; Ȍmonarch; sovereignOThe potentate spent more time at Monte Carlo than he did at home on his throne. potential\; Ǭexpressing possibility; latent1This juvenile delinquent is a potential murderer.potion1X ɷdose(of liquid)DTristan and Isode drink a love potion in the first act of the opera. potpourri 8Y X ; <1heterogeneous mixture; medley5He offered a potpourri of folk songs from many lands. practicable‰`  ǔfeasiblefThe board of directors decided that the plan was practicable and agreed to undertake the project. practical x; ǩ\based on experience; useful*He was a practical man, opposed to theory. pragmatic©x*practical. concerned with practical valuesWThis test should provide us with a pragmatic analysis of the value of this course. pragmatist©Xǐpractical personHNo pragmatist enjoys becoming involved in a game which he can never win.prate ǘp; 䲨speak foolishly; boast idly%Let us not prate about our qualities.preceptP,practical rule, guide, conduct5"Love thy neighbor as thyself" is worthwhile precept. precipiceȽ,cliff:dangerous positionGSuddenly Indiana Jones found himself dangling from the edge of precipce precipitate\,dD; X, X.headlong; throw headlong9Do not be precipitate in the matter ; investigate futher. precipitous MDɔ\, xsteep=This hill is difficult to climb because it is so precipitous.preclude )tX, 0Xmake impossiblelThis contract does not preclude my being employed by others at the same time that I am working for you. precociousp\,1\advanced in developmentkBy her rather adult maner of discussing serious topics. the child demonstrated that she was precocious precursor l. forerunnerMGray and Burns were precursors of the Romantic Movement in English literature predatory }XՔ,!XՔ plunderingThe hawk is a predatory bird predecessorȄǐ, 0former occupant of a postWI hope I can live up to the fine example set by my late predrcessor in this office predilectionPT.`partiality;preferencegAlthough the artist used various media from time to time ,she had a predilection for water colors. preeminentŜ, |Ŝ outstandingoThe king traveled to Boston because he wanted the preeminent surgeon in the field to perform the operationpreempt X. Xappropriate beforehandZYour attempt to preempt this land before it os offered to the public must be resistedpreen1Ϯ XΥX. ǑX.make oneself tidy in appearanceAs kitty preened before the mirror, carefully smoothing her shining hairm she couldn't help preening herself on her good looks. prefatory8X,`X introductionOThe chairman made a few prefatory renarks before he called on the first speaker prehensileX  ǔ, Pɔt ǔcapable of grasping or holdingmMonkeys use not only their arms and legs but also their prehensile tails in traveling through the trees.prelate 1ɐchurch dignitarydThe archbishop of Moscow and other high-ranking prelates visited the Russion orthodox seminary.prelude,ɹintroduction;forerunnerII am afraid that this border raid is the prelude to more serious attacks. premeditate ~D ĬXplan in advance|She had premeditated the murder for months, reading about common poisons and buying weed killer that contained arsenic.premise, assumptionzBecause Jack had based his argument upon a faulty premise his opponent cheerfully pointed out the holes in his logic. premonition,p,p forewarningbWe ignored these premonitions of disaster because they appeared to be based on childish fears premonitorypX, Xserving to warnXYou should have visited a doctor as soon as you felt tjese premonitory chest pains. preponderanceh,8"superiority of power, puanity, etczThe rebels soight to overcome the preponderance of strength of the goverment forces by engaging in guerrilla tactics. preposterous 04Ȳ Ŕ, DXabsurd;ridiculousNThe excuse he gave for his lateness was so preposterous that everyone laughed. prerogativeҌ privilegeeThe president cannot levy taxes; that is the prerogative of the legislative branch of governmentpresage X.ƸXforetellOThe vultures flying overhead presaged the discovery of thr corpse in ghe desert prescience ,0, Ʌability to foretell the futureGiven the current wave of Japan-bashing, it does not take prescience for me to foresee problems in our future trade relations with Japan presentiment,! premonition9Hamlet felt a presentiment about his meeting with Laertesprestige1,ݹ1impression produced by achievements or reputationZThe wealthy man sought to obtain social prestige by contributing to popular charities presumptuous @, ԾԾ췴arrogantvIt seems presumptuous for one so relatively new to the field to challenge the conclusions of its leading experts. pretentious 8, pܴ<հƔ ostentatiousfI do not feel that your limited resources will permit you to carry out soch a pretentious program preternatural ͐x,t\%beyond that which is normal in nature`John's mother's total ability to tell when he was lying struck him as almost preternatural. prophylactic<ѼD>)XՔused to prevent diseasesDespite all prophylactic measures introduced by the authorities, the epidemic raged until cool weather set in. propinquity; \nearness; kinshipMTheir relationship could not be explained as being based on mere propinquity. propitiate처appease6The natives offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods. propitious 8X| ; \\favorable; kindly_I think it is advisable that we wait for a more propitious occasion to announce our plans. proponent8֐(person who supports or proposes(an idea)After the bill had been amended and re-amended in committee, even its original proponents didn't want to vote in its favor.propoundHXput forth for analysisdIn your discussion, you have propounded several questions; let us consider each one separately. propriety; fitness; correct conductGI want you to behave at this dinner with propriety; don't embarrass me. propulsiveXՔdriving forwardJThe jet plane has a greater propulsive power than the engine-driven plane.prosaic Ӕ\; Ŕcommonplace; dullEI do not like this author because he is so unimaginative and prosaic. proscenium4X ^ŀ!part of stage in front of curtainJIn the theater in-the-round there can be no proscenium or proscenium arch. proscribe0X; )X; Xostracize; banish; outlaw`Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus proscribed all those who had conspired against julius Caesar. proselytize¤convert to a religion or beliefFIn these interfaith meetings, there must be no attempt to proselytize.prosody•the art of versificationfThis book on prosody contains a rhyming dictionary as well as samples of the various verse forms. prostrateܴXstretch out full on ground&He prostrated himself before the idol.protean 䲬\; 䲑1 ǔ&versatile; able to take on many shapesAA remarkably protean actor, Alec Guinness could take on any role.protege<8֐3person under the protection and support of a patronACyrano de Bergerac refused to be a protege of Cardinal Richelieu.protocol<xPX>X@diplomatic etiquettehWe must run this state dinner according to protocol if we are to avoid offending any of our guests. prototype0'original work used as a model by otherslThe crude typewriter on display in this museum is the prototype of the elaborate machines in use today.protractťXprolongoDo not protract this phone conversaton as I expect an important business call within the next few minutes.protrude stick out3His fingers protruded from the holes in his gloves. provenance0origin or source of somethingiI am not interested in its provenance; I am more concerned with its usefulness than with its source. provender<; ̸dry food; fodderkI am not afraid of a severe winter because I have stored a large quantity of provender for the cattle. provident Ʌt ǔ; }\; }XՔ8displaying foresight; thrifty; preparing for emergenciesUIn his usual provident manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss. provincial)X; \!pertaining to a province; limitedjWe have to overcome their provincial attitude and get them to become more cogizant of world problems. provisional|x tentativenThe appointment is provisional; only on the approval of the board of directors will it be made permanent.provisopm stipulationrI am ready to accept your proposal with the proviso that you meet your obligations within the next two weeks.provokeT֘ X; |<Ǥ stir to anger; cause retaliationWIn order to pervent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must not provoke our foe. proximitynearness8The deer sensed the hunter's proximity and bounded away.proxyxauthorized agentKPlease act as my proxy and vote for this slate of candidates in my absence.prude \ XՔ Őexcessively modest person/The X-rated film was definitely not for prudes.prudent p1ǔ; \cautious; carefulHA miser hoards money not because he is prudent but because he is greedy.prune<Ŕ |>X; XՌ Xcut away; trim]With the help of her editor, she was able to prune her manuscript into pulbishable form.prurient8Xbased on lascivious thoughts[The police attempted to close the theater where the prurient film was being presented. pseudonymDՅpen name)Samuel Clemen's pseudonym was Mark Twain.psyche<;  soul; mind:It is difficult to delve into the psyche of a human being. psychiatristѼ XǬ#a doctor who treats mental diseasesaA psychiatrist often needs long conferences with his patient before a diagnosis can be made. psychopathicѼX pertaining to mental derangementwThe psychopathic patient suffers more frequently from a disorder of the nervous system than from a diseased brain. psychosis tmental disorderoWe must endeavor to find an outlet for the patients repressed desires if we hope to combat this psychosis. pterodactyluextinct flying reptilenThe remains of pterodactyls indicate that these flying reptiles had a wingspan of as much as twenty feet.puerileŰ Dt@childish?His puerile pranks sometimes of fended his more mature friends.pugilist<\>boxerBThe famous pugilist Cassius Clay changed his name to Muhammed Ali. pugnacious X0 DXՔcombative; disposed to fight6As a child he was pugnacious and fought with everyone.puissant %ǔ; <; %\powerful; strong; potent=We must keep his friendship for he will make a puissant ally. pulchritude Dń; hbeauty; comelinessuI do not envy the judges who have to select this year's Miss America from this collection of female pulchritude. pulmonaryXpertaining to the lungssIn his researches on pulmonary diseases, he discovered many facts about the lungs of animals and human beings.pulsate< t>throbMWe could see the blood vessels in his temple pulsate as he became more angry.pummelLbeatlThe severity with which he was pummeled was indicated by the bruises he displayed on his head and face. punctiliousD (̬; 11\; <<\3laying stress on niceties of conduct, form; preciseoWe must be punctilious in our planing of this affair, for any error may be regarded as a personal affront.punditxijX Y; ֐; ǐ6learned Hindu; any learned man; authority on a subjectlEven though he discourses on the matter like a pundit, he is actually rather ignorant about this topic.pungencyL\; sharpness; stinging quality2The pungency of the cigarette smoke made me cough.punitiveX punishing4He asked for punitive measures against the offender.purblind %t Pװ; T\dim-sighted; obtuseCIn his purblind condition, he could not identify the people he saw. receptive<, x D> Dtǔ4quick or willing to receive ideas, suggestions, etc.jAdventure-loving Huck Finn proved a receptive audience for Tom's tales of buried treasure and piracy. recession; withdrawal; retreatYThe recession of the troops from the combat area was completed in an orderly manner. recipient©receiver^Although he had been the recipient of many favors, he was not grateful to his benefactor. reciprocal8X; 8x; XՔ"mutual; exchangleable; interacting4The two nations signed a reciprocal trade agreement. reciprocateQX repay in kindVIf they attack us, we shall be compelled to reciprocate and bomb their territory.recluse@Thermit)The recluse lived in a hut in the forest. reconcile Tt¤; pT¤4make friendly after quarrel; correct inconsistencies>Each month we reconcile our checkbook with the bank statement. recondite$\; t\; L0$abstruse; profound; secret=He read many recondite our checkbook with the bank statement.recourseX!resorting to help when in trouble<The boy's only recourse was to appeal to his father for aid.recreantt; 0coward; betrayer of faithKThe religious people ostracized the recreant who had abandoned their faith. recriminationcounterchargesALoud and angry recriminations were her answer to his accusations. recrudescencereopening of a wound or soreZKeep this wound bandaged until it has completely healed to prevent its recrudescence.rectifyPXcorrect1I want to rectify my error before it is too late. rectitude uprightness0He was renowned for his rectitude and integrity. recuperateXrecovereThe doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected. recurrentXՔoccuring again and againBThese recurrent attacks disturbed us and we consulted a physician.recusantD pXՔ ; m mP| 0prescribed diet and habitsKI doubt whether the results warrant our living under such a strict regimen. rehabiliate <\ ¤restore to proper condition2We must rehabilitate those whom we send to prison. reimburseXXrepay9Let me know what you have spent and I will reimburse you. reiteratetXrepeat<I shall reiterate this message until all have understood it. reiteratetXrepeat<I shall reiterate this message until all have understood it. rejuvenate ȴɌ Xmake young againJThe charlatan claimed that his elixir would rejuvenate the aged and weary.relegate ; Ȝ¤$banish; consign to inferior positionIf we relegate these experienced people to positions of unimportance because of their political persuasions, we shall lose the services of valuably trained personnel. relevancy; ()pertinence; reference to the case in hand1I was impressed by the relevancy of your remarks. relinquish̹PabandonXI will relinquish my claims to this property if you promise to retain my employees.relish۹; e savor; enjoy,I relish a good joke as much as anyone else. remediableX̸`  ǔ reparable1Let us be grateful that the damage is remediable.remedial X̸XՔ; PXՔcurative; correctiveNBecause he was a slow reader, he decided to take a course in remedial reading. reminiscence recollection\Her reminiscences of her experiences are so fascinating that she ought to write a book.remiss̹\ negligentEHe was accused of being remiss in his duty when the prisoner escaped.remnant8 remainderXI suggest that you wait until the store places the remnants of these goods on sale. remonstratemXXprotestDI must remonstrate about the lack of police protection in this area.remorseE; ֌quilt; self-reproach+The murderer felt no remorse for his crime. remunerative ǔ, Ǭ\, ޹compensating; rewardingXI find my new work so remunerative that I may not return to my previous employment.rend, D", }Xspilt; tear apart,In his grief, he tried to rend his garments.renderX; X; \Xdeliver; provide; represent*He rendered aid to the needy and indigent. rendezvous i, i(nj) meeting place;The two fleets met at the rendezvous at the appointed time. rendition , , Ŝ.translation; artistic interpretation of a songVThe audience cheered enthusiastically as she completed her rendition of the aria.rescind4T¤, ͌X, Xcancel; revoke; nullify@Because of public resentment, the king had to rescind his order.reserve%, ɰ'self-control; formal but distant mannerAlthough some girls were attracted by Mark's reserve, Judy was put off by it, for she felt his aloofness indicated a lack of openness.residue8remainder; balancezIn his will, he requested that after payment of debts, taxes, and funeral expenses, the residue be given to his wife. resilientҔ; 0D XՔ+elastic; having the power of springing backNSteel is highly resilient and therefore is used in the manufacture of springs.rime white frostZThe early morning dew had frozen and everything was covered with a thin coat of rime.risible LX, Ƥ]췴inclined to laugh; ludicrousCHis remarks were so risible that the audience howled with laughter.risque DŬDŬ\; 췴#verging upon the improper; offcolor7Please do not tell your risque anecdotes at this party.roan$ p  X 8t xbrown mixed with gray or whitejYou can distinguish this horse in a race because it is roan while all the others are bay or chestnut.robustt\; Ҽ\vigorous; strong:The candidate for the football team had a robust physique.rococo T$\; t ι@ornate; highly decoratedThe rococo style in furniture and architecture, marked by scrollwork and excessive decoration, flourished during the middle of the eighteenth century.roil<aŴ|>-to make liquids murky by stirring up sedimentjBe careful when you pour not to roil the wine; if you stir up the sediment you'll destroy the flavor.roseate [X; xrosy; potimisticvI am afraid you will have to alter your roseate views in the light of the distressing news that has just arrived.rosterlist9They print the roster of players in the season's program.rostrum; !platform for speechmaking; pulpit~The crowd murmured angrily and indicated that they did not care to listen to the speaker who was approaching the rostrum.rotet repetition\He recited the passage by rote and gave no indication he understood what he was saying.rotundat<-circular building or hall covered with a dome4His body lay in state in the rotunda of the Capitol. rotundity , <>8!roundness; sonorousness of speechkWashington Irving emphasized the rotundity of the governor by describing his height and circumference.rout (¤; DŴstampede; drive out/The reinforcements were able to rout the enemy.rubble Ӹ fragments^Ten years after World War II, some of the rubble left enemy bombings could still be seen.rubicundtt t; t @-having a healthy reddish color; ruddy; floridAHis rubicund complexion was the result of an active outdoor life.rubric; @ܭQtitle or heading (in red print); directions for religious ceremony; protocollIn ordaining the new priests, the bishop carefully observed all the rubrics for the ordination service.ruddy \; t @reddish; healthy-lookingEHis ruddy features indicated that he had spent much time in the open. rudimentary X; Xnot developed; elementary3His dancing was limited to a few rudimentary steps.rueful֌XՔ;  4; \regretful; sorroful; dejectedmThe artist has captured the sadness of childhood in his portrait of the boy with the rueful countenance.ruffianE\; tXbully; scoundrel(The fuffians threw stones at the police.ruminate<t>@X; Xchew the cud; ponder=We cannot afford to wait while you ruminate upon these plans.rummage 䴔; t >ransack; thoroughly searcheWhen we rummaged through the trunks in the attic, we found many souvenirs of our childhood days.runicDx; 8 Ȍ+mysterious; set down in an ancient alphabetTolkien's use of Old English words and inscriptions in the runic alphabet give "The Lord of the Rings" its atmosphere of antiquity.ruseE̵; Ĭtrick; stratagemDYou will not be able to fool your friends with such an obvious ruse.rusticX; ,\%pertaining to country people; uncouth:The backwoodsman looked out of place in his rustic attire. rusticate\ @X;  +banish to the country; dwell in the countrybI like city life so much that I can never understand how people can rusticate in the suburbs.ruthless4D\pitiless:The escaped convict was a dangerous and ruthless murderer. saccharined\cloyingly sweetVShe tried to ingratiate herself, speaking sweetly and smiling a saccharine smile. sacerdotal1XpriestlyYThe priest decided to abandon his sacerdotal duties and enter the field of politics. sacrilegious 1ųX; desecrating; profane<His stealing of the altra cloth was a very sacrilegious act.sadistic¸xinclined to crueltybIf we are to improve conditions in this prison, we must first get rid of the sadistic warden.saffron$ Xorange coloredsaga8 X $; TScandinavian myth; any legendAThis is a saga of the sea and the man who risk their lives on it. sagacioust\; Ƭ\; 0\keen; shrewd; having insight;He is much too sagacious to be fooled by a trick like that. salacious8X; L\lascivious; lustfulXChaucer's monk is not pious but salacious, a teller of lewd tales and ribald jests.salient\ prominentNOne of ths salient features of that newspaper is its excellent editorial page.salinesalty<The slightly saline taste of this mineral water is pleasant.sallow tخ\; t \yellowish; stickly in colorFWe were disturbed by his sallow complexion, which was due to jaundice. salubrioust @ healthfulzMany people with hay fever move to more salubrious sections of the country during the months of August and September.salutaryt\; u\; t @)tending to improve; beneficial; wholesomeNThe punishment had a salutary effect on the boy, as he became a model student.salvagelXrescue from loss0All attempts to salvage the wrecked ship failed.salvertray9The food was brought in on silver salvers by the waiters. sanctimonious1\ XՔ2displaying ostentatious or hypocritical devoutnessDYou do not have to be so sanctimonious to prove that you are devout.sanctionxX; Ȭ ܭD $Xapprove; ratifyfNothing will convince me to sanction the engagement of my daughter to such a worthless young man. sangfroid }coolness in a trying situationDThe captain's sangfroid helped to allay the fears of the passengers. sanguinaryShe is as skittish as a kitten playing with a piece of string. skulduggery0dishonest behavior^The investigation into municipal corruption turned up new instances of skulduggery daily.skulk  xmove furtively and secretlyvHe skulked through the less fashionable sections of the city in order to avoid meeting any of his former friends.slacken ; tslow up; loosenAAs they passed the finish line, the runners slackened their pace.slake ̹q¤; < X quench; sate<When we reached the oasis, we were albe to slake our thirst.slander; $7defamation; utterance of false and malicious statementsGUnless you can prove your allegations, your remarks constitute slander.slattern X \ untidy or slovenly personOIf you persist in wearing such sloppy clothes, people will call you a slattern.sleazy \; Ȅ\flimsy; unsubstantial1This is a sleazy material; it will not wear well.sleeper  x\ 1\ Zsomething originally of little value or importnace that in time becomes very valuablekUnnoticed by the critics at its publication, the eventual Pulitzer Prize winner was a classic sleeper.sleight dexterity:The magician amazed the audience with his sleight of hand.slither tt D slip or slideeDuring the recent ice storm, many people slithered down this hill as they walked to the station.slothlaziness7Such sloth in a young person is deplorable; go to work!sloth(2)4 slow-moving tree-dwelling mammalpNote how well the somewhat greenish coat of the sloth enables it to blend in with its arboreal surrounding.slough<cast off-Each spring, the snake sloughts off its skin.slovenly Xλ\; X\untidy; careless in work habits;Such slovenly work habits will never produce good products.sluggard<DŽEt lazy personY"You are a sluggard, a drone, a parasite," the angry father shouted at his lazy son.sluggish ; \; T\slow; lazy; lethargicLAfter two nights without sleep, she felt sluggish and incapable of exertion.sluice8Fartificial channel for directing or controlling the flow of waterYThis sluice gate is opened only in times of drought to provide water for irrigation. smatteringe0slight knowledgexI don't know whether it is better to be ignorant of a subject or to have a mere smattering of information about it.smirk conceited smileWipe that smirk off your face!smolderD; <t>4X8burn without flame; be liable to break out at any moment:The rags smoldered for hours before they burst into flame.snicker Lhalf-stifled laughGThe boy could not suppress a snicker, when the teacher sat on the tack.snivelT| Mt; gό ; Pא|run at the nose; snuffle; whineBDon't you come sniveling to me complaining about your big brother.stupor 4; ݹ; xǬ1(state of apathy; daze; lack of awarenessLIn his stupor, the addict was unaware of the events taking palce around him.stygianLh\; %X; ijXgloomy; hellish; deathly6They descended into the stygian, halflit sub-basement.stymie )tX; 4mpresent an obstacle; stumpZThe detective was stymied by the contradictory evidence in the robbery investigation.suavity8(; Durbanity; polishIHe is particularly good in roles that require suavity and sophistication.sub rosa; Din strict confidence; privately8I heard of this sub rosa and I cannot tell you about it. subjectiveX; X4occurring or taking place within the subject; unrealsYour analysis is highly subjective; you have permitted your emotions and your opinions to color your thinking. subjugate X; ¤conquer; bring under controlgIt is not our aim to subjugate our foe; we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations. sublimateT¤refine; purifyWWe must strive to sublimate these desires and emotions into worthwhile activities.sublime \; \; \exalted; noble; uplifting5Mother Teresa has been honored for her sublime deeds. subliminalǬXXbelow the thresholdKWe may not be aware of the subliminal influences which affect our thinking. subsequentLX; Xfollowing; later@In subsequent lessons, we shall take up more difficult problems. subservientpx; xX; DŨXՔ*behaving like a slave; servile; obsequiousCHe was proud and dignified; he refused to be subservient to anyone.subside<Ӎ, ij>|J; $; h5X settle down; descent; grow quiet>The doctor assured us that the fever would eventually subside. subsidiary pX; ȍxsubordinate; secondarypThis information may be used as subsidiary evidence but is not sufficient by itself to prove your argument.subsidy<mX>p(direct financial aid by government, etc.aWithout this subsidy, American ship operators would not be albe to compete in world markets. subsistence tȬ; t; Ĭ'existence; means of support; livelihoodHIn these days of inflated prices, my salary provides a mere subsistence. substantiate lTX; Xverify; support=I intend to substantiate my statement by producing witnesses. substantive x; ųX&essential; pertaining to the substancexAlthough the delegates were aware of the importance of the problem, they could not agree on the substantive issues. subterfugel; 0<pretense; evasionxAs soon as we realized that you had won our support by a subterfuge, we withdrew our endorsement of your candidacy.subtlety ; P\;  nicety; cunning; guile; delicacyBThe subtlety of his remarks was unnoticed by most of his audience. subversive 4XՔtending to overthrow or ruin-We must destroy such subversive publications.succinct \; \; X\brief; terse; compact,His remarks are always succinct and pointed.succorlp; paid; assistance; reliefXWe shall be ever grateful for the succor your country gave us when we were in need. succulentat ι@; !䲘pXjuicy; full of richness`The citrus foods from Florida are more succulent to some people than those from California.succumbX; tX; yield; give in; die1I succumb to temptation whenever it comes my way.suffuseݴXՌ X spread overEA blush suffused her cheeks when we teased her about her love affair.sully ¤; ֐X tarnish; soilUHe felt that it was beneath his dignity to sully his hands in such menial labor.sultry4T swelteringAHe could not adjust himself to the sultry climate of the tropics. summationiĬ; }!act of finding the total; summaryWIn his summation, the lawyer emphasized the testimoney given by the two witnesses. sumptuaryX ܭX#limiting or regulating expendituresoWhile no sumptuary law has been enacted, the public will never tolerate the expenditure of so large a sum. sumptuous XΤ췴; D lavish; richDI cannot recall when I have had such a sumptuous Thanksgiving feast.sunder t; separate; partGNorthern and southern Ireland are politically and religiously sundered.sundry 䲑\; Xvarious; several_My suspicious were aroused when I read sundry items in the newspapers about your behavior. superannuated@ D ; D  ǔ!retired on pension because of agegThe superannuated man was indignant because he felt that he could still perform a good day's work. supercede XX, PX¤cause to be set aside; replace2This regulation will supercede all previous rules. supercilious t); ǜ XՔ"haughty; domineering; contemptuous1I resent your supercilious and arrogant attitude. superficial <x, Jt Ŕtrivial; shallowtSince your report gave only a superficial analysis of the problem, I cannot give you more than a passing grade. superfluity 1, ɘXΌ ιLexcess; overabundanceHWe have a definite lack of sincere workers and a superfluity of leaders.supineܴ  ǔ; Ĭ| DǬ XՔ(lying on back; negligent on ones' duties/The defeated pugilist lay supine on the canvas. suppliantXՔ, `xXՔ; XՔ <entreating; beseeching; a person who beseeches for somethingMHe could not resist the dog's suppliant whimpering, and he gave it some food. supplicateX, `X, X&petition humbly; pray to grant a favorJWe supplicate your majesty to grant him amnesty. (X  | t $ƌ.)supposititious x, X"assumed; counterfeit; hypotheticalaI find no similarity between your supposititious illustration and the problem we are facing. suppurate<> create pus=The surgeon refused to lance the abscess until it suppurated.surcease cessation@He beggage the doctors to grant him surcease from his suffering.surfeit cloy; overfedJI am surfeited with the sentimentality of the average motion picture film.surly ̿A\; }\ rude; cross?Because of his surly attitude, many people avoided his company.surmise!Xguess0I surmise that he will be late for this meeting.thermalXpertaining to heatThe natives discovered that the hot springs gave excellent thermal baths and began to develop their community as a health resort.thespianlXpertaining to dramaYHer success in the school play convinced her she was destined for a thespian career.thrallx; slave; bondage?The captured soldier was held in thrall by the conquering army.threnodyD; ǡsong of lamentation; dirge=When he died, many poets wrote thrall by the conquering army.thrifty }XՔ; D|careful about money; economical@A thrifty shopper compares prices before making major purchases.throesɵviolent anguishZThe throes of despair can be as devastating as the spasms accompanying physical pain.throngpcrowd&Throngs of shoppers jammed the aisles.throttlePXstrangle+The criminal tried to throttle the old man.thwart ); ¤baffle; frustrate5He felt that everyone was trying to thwart his plans.thyme1!aromatic plant used for seasoningKThe addition of a little thyme will enhance the flavor of the clam chowder.timbreL;quality of a musical tone producued by a musical instrumentCWe identify the instrument producing a musical sound by its timbre.timidity"lack of self-confidence or courage`If you are to succeed as a salesman, you must first lose your timidity and fear of failure.timorousι@; \fearful; demonstrating fear<His timorous manner betrayed the fear he felt at the moment.tipple < D><\ ȹ%drink(alcoholic beverages) frequentlyjHe found that his most enjoyable evenings occurred when he tippled with his friends at the local pub.tirade$; extended scolding; denunciationmLong before he had finished his tirade, we were sufficiently aware of the seriousness of our misconduct.titanicp\gigantic:Titanic waves beat against the shore during the hurricane.tithe|ptax of one-tenthGBecuase he was an agnostic, he refused to pay his tithes to the clergy. titillatettickle;I am here not to titillate my audience but to enlighten it.tocsin alarm bellYAwakened by the sound of the tocsin, we rushed to our positions to await the attack.tonsureHshaving of the head, especially by person entering religious ordersjHis honsure, even more than his monastic garb, indicated that he was a member of the religious order. topography8physical features of a regionqBefore the generals gave the order to attack, they ordered a complete study of the topography of the region.torpor 40%; 4; 4t lethargy; sluggishness; dormancyaNothing seemed to arouse him from his torpor, he had wholly surrendered himself to lethargy.torque DҔ ; Ȱ%(twisting force; force producing rotationFWith her wrench she applied sufficient torque to the nut to loosen it.torso I; (xǴ)8trunk of statue with head and limbs missing; human trunk]This torso, found in the ruins of Pompeii, is now on exhibition in the museum in Naples.tortillatD(T)X e\ %u)flat cake made of cornmeal, etcpAs we traveled through Mexico, we became more and more accustomed to the use of tortillas instead of bread.tortuous4; DD,xwinding; full of curvesaBecuase this road is so tortuous, it is unwise to go faster than twenty miles an hour on it. touchstone; 09stone used to test the fineness of gold alloys; criterionAWhat touchstone can be used to measure the character of a person?touchy \; 0 l´sensitive; irascibleGDo not discuss this phase of the problem as he is very touchy about it.toutزD L; m,Xpublicize; praise excessivelykI lost confidence in my broker after he touted some junk bonds that turned out to be a bad investment.toxic ų\ poisonousCWe must seek an antidote for whatever toxic substance he has eaten.tract E̐; @ %pamphlet; a region of indefinite size?The King granted William Penn a tract of land in the New World. tractable0 l´docileNYou will find the children in this school very tractable and willing to learn.traduceD)Xexpose to slanderbHis opponents tried to traduce the candidate's reputation by spreading rumors about his past. trajectoryijpath taken by a projectileThe police tried to locate the spot from which the assassin had fired the fatal shot by tracing the trajectory of the bullet. tranquillityଔ; (calmness; peaceoAfter the commotion and excitement of the city, I appreciate the tranquillity of these fields and forests. transcend X; Xexceed; surpass8This accomplishment transcends all our previous efforts. transcribe|copyiWhen you transcribe your notes, please send a copy to Mr. Smith and keep the original for our files. transgression; violation of a law; sinForgive us our transgressions. transient4\; |X; P 848fleeting; quickly passing away; staying for a short time(This hotel casters to a transient trade. transition)going from one state of action to anothereDuring the period of transition from oil heat to gas heat, the furnace will have to be shut off. transition)going from one state of action to anothereDuring the period of transition from oil heat to gas heat, the furnace will have to be shut off.transitorinessDl impermanencecConscious that all things pass, the psalmist relates the transitoriness of happiness and fame. translucent,҅Xpartly transparentoWe could not recognize the people in the next room because of the translucent curtains which separated us. transmute ; T¤&change; convert to something different7He was unable to transmute his dreams into actualities. transparent,҅\'permitting light to pass through freely7Your scheme is so transparent that it will fool no one. transpire„D X; <D>Ř$; <t>|ǴŘexhale; become known; happenaIn spite of all our efforts to keep the meeing a secret, news of our conclusions transpired. trappingsE8; outward decorations; ornaments[He loved the trappings of success: the limousines, the stock options, the company jet. traumaticx X̸X*pertaining to an injury caused by violenceaIn his nightmares, he kept on recalling the traumatic experience of being wounded in battle.travailx painful labor[How long do you think a man can endure such travail and degradation without rebelling?traverse\tgo through or across5When you traverse this field, be careful of the bull.travestyƤ] h, ,x )Jcomical parody; treatment aimed at making something appear ridiculousIThe ridiculous decision the jury has arrived at is a travesty of justice.treatise <Y8>|8, |$8article treating a subject systematically and thoroughlyWHe is preparing a treatise on the Elizabethan playwrights for his graduate degree.trek ʼn, tȐX tٳtravel; journeyFThe tribe made their trek further north that summer in search of game.tremor(, trembling; slight quiver+She had a nervous tremor in her right hand. tremulous , (XՔ, ι@trembling; wavering6She was tremulous more from excitement than from fear. trenchantt\, %ǔ, ,\, „\, %\, x cutting; keen>I am afraid of his trenchant wit for it is so often sarcastic. trepidation(, , i, P$, ٳfear; trembling agitationHWe must face the enemy without trepidation if we are to win this battle. tribulation ଜ, ǜ, (distress; sufferingNAfter all the trials and tribulations we have gone through, we need this rest.tribunal , , Ӭcourt of justiceOThe decision of the tribunal was final and the prisoner was sentenced to death.tribute<, ,̬&tax levied by a ruler; mark of respect9The colonists refused to pay tribute to a foreign despot.trident=three-pronged spear^Neptune is usually depicted as rising from the sea, carrying his trident on his shoulder.trilogy<, $ 0>3group of three worksJRomain Rolland's novel 'Jean Christophe' was first published as a trilogy.trinket@ l, )<, X.@ |W; ЌXseize power; supplantIThe revolution ended when the victorious rebel leader usurped the throne.usuryବ*lending money at illegal rates of interest)The loan shark was found guilty of usury.utopiat7imaginary land with perfect social and political system9Shangri-la was the name of James Hilton's Tibetan utopia.uxorious DŴ| 4 XՔ!excessively devoted to one's wife`His friends laughed at him because he was so uxorious and submissive to his wife's desires. vacillationٳ; T䴼fluctuation; waveringqHis vacillation when confronted with a problem annoyed all of us who had to wait until he made his decision.vacuousEH; \ empty; inanerThe vacuous remarks of the politician annoyed the audience, who had hoped to hear more than empty platitudes.vagabond); wanderer; trampOIn summer, college students wander the roads of Europe like carefree vagabonds. vainglorious̹t \; t \boastful; excessively conceited/She was a vainglorious and arrogant individual. valedictoryļXpertaining to farewellGI found the valedictory address too long; leave-taking should be brief.validate<<\> ǨXՌ X; DXconfirm; ratify;I will not publish my findings until I validate my results.valor0bravery7He received the Medal of Honor for his valor in battle.vampirea0ghostly being that sucks the blood of the livingZChildren were afraid to go to sleep at night because of the many legends of vampires.vanguard l; forerunners; advance forces>We are the vanguard of a tremendous army that is following us.vantage8position giving an advantagegThey fired upon the enemy from behind trees, walls and any other point of vantage they could find.vapid @`; \0Ŕinsipid; inane.She delivered an uninspired and vapid address. variegatedX many-coloredWHe will not like this solid blue necktie as he is addicted to variegated clothing.vassal tX 2in feudalism, one who held land of a superior lordLThe lord demanded that his vassals contribute more to his military campaign.vauntedǑX; Ս t;  ǔ#boasted; bragged; highly publicizedDThis much vaunted project proved a disappointment when it collapsed.veer)D change in directionUAfter what seemed an eternity, the wind veered to the east and the storm abated.vegetate p\ \D Xlive in monotonous waykI do not understand how you can vegetable in this quiet village after the adventure life you have led.vehement,\; ,\impetuous; with marked vigor:He spoke with vehement eloquence in defense of his client.vellum< parchmentbBound in vellum and embossed in gold, this book is a beautiful example of the binder's craft.velocityijspeed+The train went by at considerable velocity.venal <t>ȳ<\ Ȱcapable of being bribedeThe venal policeman accepted the bribe offered him by the speeding motorist whom he had stopped.vendettam blood feud,The rival mobs engaged in a bitter vendetta.vendorxseller=The fruit vendor sold her wares from a stall on the sidewalk.veneer; thin layer; cover|Casual acquaintances were deceived by his veneer of sophistication and failed to recognize his fundamental shallowness. venerabletȽ` ̹\deserving high respectdWe do not mean to be disrespectful when we refuse to follow the advice of our venerable leader.venerate-0Xrevere.In China, the people venerale their ancestors.venialD  ǔ; forgivable; trivial8We may regard a hungry man's stealing as a venial crime.venison0the meat of a deerThe hunters dined on venison.vent(n)lM; la small opening; outletEThe wine did not flow because the air vent in the barrel was clogged.vent(v)<D>0(; Xexpress; utter!He vented his wrath on his class.ventral0X abdominal8We shall now examine the ventral plates of this serpent. ventriloquistT Tsomeone who can make his or her voice seem to come from another person or thingXThis ventriloquist does an act in which she has a conversation with a wooden dummy. venturesome\boldCA group of venturesome women were the first to scale Mt. Annapurna. venturous4\daringYThe five venturous young men decided to look for a new approach to the mountain top.venuenjlocationThe attorney asked for a chance of venue; he thought his client would do better if the trial were held in a less conservative country. veracious\truthfulbI can recommend him for this position because I have always found him veracious and reliable. verbalizeŴ\ дto put into wordsaI know you don't like to talk about these things, but please try to verbalize your feelings.verbatimй\ word for word!He repeated the message verbatim.verbiageipompous array of wordseAfter we had waded through all the verbiage, we discovered that the writer had said very little.verboseй  ι@wordy.This article is too verbose ; we must edit it.verdant]X; @ green; fresh@The verdant meadows in the spring are always an inspiring sight. verdigrisy?a green coating on copper which has been exposed to the weathercDespite all attempts to protect the statue from the elements, it became coated with verdigris.verge ǐǬ; P border; edge_Madame Curie knew she was on the verge of discovering the secrets of radioactive elements.verisimilitude x h; ݹappearance of truth; likelihoodrCritics praised her for the verisimilitude of her performance as Lady Macbeth. She was completely believable.verity; truth; realityEThe four verities were revealed to Buddha during his long meditation. vernacularm; ,Ҭliving language; natural styleJCut out those old-fashioned thee's and thou's and write in the vernacular.vernalXpertaining to spring;We may expect vernal showers all during the month of April. versatile 䲬\; )tX6having many talents; capable of working in many fieldsHe was a versatile athlete.witless Ŭ@; Dxfoolish; idiotichSuch witless and fatuous statements will create the impression that you are an ignorant individual. witticismuǴ; lwitty saying; facetious remarkFWhat you regard as witticisms are often offensive to sensitive people.wizardryȹ; ȹ sorcery; magic,Merlin amazed the knights with his wizardry.wizened ; HH\withered; shriveledLThe wizened old man in the home for the aged was still active and energetic.wont; custom; habitual procedureHAs was his wont, he jogged two miles every morning before going to work.worldly 8X; 8x1engrossed in matters of this earth; not spiritualLYou must leave your worldly goods behind you when you go to meet your Maker.wraith 9; 9!ghost; phantom of a living personIt must be a horrible experience to see a ghost; it is even more horrible to see the wraith of a person we know to be alive.wrangleй̳,quarrel; obtain through arguing; herd cattle%They wrangled over their inheritance.wrathx; x anger; furyxShe turned to him, full of wrath, and said, "What makes you think I'll accept lower pay for this job than you get?"wrenchDL; ҌX; Dpull; strain; twistJShe wrenched free of her attacker and landed a powerful kick to his grasp.wrest D; \ ŴŴpull away; take by violenceNWith only ten seconds left to play, our team wrested victory from their grasp.writhe ȯp; D squirm; twistBHe was writhing in pain, desperate for the drug his body required.wry DҴ; !twisted; with a humorous twist0We enjoy Dorothy Parker's verse for its wry wit. xenophobia xmx()D ´hfear of hatred of foreigners^When the refugee arrived in America, he was unprepared for the xenophobia he found there.yenٳ; ݹ longing; urge:She had a yen to get away and live on her own for a while.yeoman; ǑǍ,man owning small estate; middle-class farmerNIt was not the aristocrat but the yeoman who determined the nation's policies.yield ; U; a+amount produced; crop; income on investment_An experienced farmer can estimate the annual yield of his acres with surprising accuracy.yoke ٳt ; ŸƬjoin together; uniteVI don't wish to be yoked to him in marriage, as if we were cattle pulling a plow.zealotɐ; (fanatic; person who shows excessive zealVIt is good to have a few zealots in our group for their enthusiasm is contagious.zenith; *point directly overhead in the sky; summitWhen the sun was at its zenith.Item0 Item1 Item2 Item3 Item4 Item5